A BASIC STUDY ON ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF SOLUTE ON MEMBRANES AND CONTROL OF MEMBRANE FOULING

膜过滤已被用于废水深度处理，特别是膜生物反应器作为一种新型的废水深度处理工艺，近年来引起了人们的关注。膜过滤过程中一个常见的问题是膜污染的控制。以醋酸纤维素(CA)、氧化铝、氯化聚乙烯(PE)等膜材料为固定相，采用高效液相色谱仪考察了有机溶质在膜材料上的吸附性能，并对实际废水处理中使用过的膜材料进行了表征。虽然氧化铝不吸附醇和苯，但有机物被吸附在CA和PE上。在后一种情况下，吸附容量因子的对数(logk‘)与辛醇/水分配系数(logK&lt；o/w&gt；)呈线性相关。这表明ADSO…卤素作为取代基对CA的吸附有促进作用，与羰基相比，卤素对CA的吸附促进程度相近。PE对氨基酸、核酸碱基和核苷酸的吸附影响很大，PE对芳香族化合物的吸附作用尤为明显，固定相比表面积的吸附量约为十八烷基硅烷的100倍。通过EPMA、XPS和FTIR对生活污水处理膜表面的污染物质进行了分析，发现膜清洗很容易去除膜表面的污染物质，但元素分析结果表明，有机污染物并未完全去除。膜过滤实验结果表明，要恢复水通量，必须去除膜孔内的污染物质。为此，用次氯酸钠溶液清洗是有效的。较少

Membrane filtration has been used for advanced treatment for wastewater treatment and especially membrane bioreactor has lately attracted attention as a new type advanced treatment process for wastewater. In membrane filtration process a common problem is control of membrane foluing. The objectives of this work were to clarify the adsorption properties of organic solutes on membrane materials and to characterize the fouling meterials on the used membranes for actual wastewater treatment.The adsorption properties were examined with high performance liquid chromatography using membrane materials, i.e.cellulose acetate (CA), alumina, and chlorinated polyethylene (PE), as a stationary phase. Although alumina did not adsorbed alcohols and benzene, organic compounds were adsorbed on CA and PE.In later case logarithm of capacity factor (log k'), which is an index of adsorption amount, were correlated linearly with octanol/water partition coefficient (log K_<o/w>). This indicated that the adso … More rption was controlled by hydrophobic interaction.Halogen as a substituent promoted the adsorption on CA at similar degree in comparison with carbonyl group. The adsorption of amino acids, nucleic base, and nucleotides were strongly influenced by pH.PE was especially adsorbed aromatic compounds and the adsorption amounts based on surface area of the stationary phase were larger at about 100 times than those for octadecil silane (ODS).The fouling materials on the membranes used for domestic wastewater treatment were analyzed by EPMA,XPS,and FTIR.It was observed that the fouling material on membrane surface was easily removed by membrane cleaning, but the results from elemental analysis for the membranes indicated that organic foulant was not removed completely. This and the results of membrane filtration experiment suggested that the removal of fouling material in membrane pore was necessary to recover the water flux. For this purpose the cleaning with sodium hypochlorite solution was effective. Less