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Ecological and genetic responses against environmental fluctuations : model study on Primula spp.

针对环境波动的生态和遗传反应：报春属植物的模型研究。

基本信息

批准号：
15370008
负责人：
WASHITANI Izumi
金额：
$ 9.6万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Researches on the characteristics of acclimation and consequences of the environmental fluctuations on the fitness of individuals and genetic structure of a population are indispensable to clarify the effects of environmental changes on population viability of wild plants. In this study, current status of populations, eco-physiological characteristics, and genetic structures of above-ground populations and soil seed banks were studied in three Primula species : P sieboldii, P modesta, and P nutans.Morphological and physiological acclimations in P sieboldii, vulnerable plant in Japan, to the change in light availability were analyzed by outdoor measurements and laboratory experiments. The effects of degradation in light availability on vegetative growth were quantitatively revealed. Furthermore, the importance of seasonal dormancy of ramets to minimize the loss of matters through respiration was shown.The analyses of genetic structures of a population of P modesta showed that although the deeper (persistent) soil seed banks had no significant genetic structure, the surface (transient) seed banks had significant spatial genetic structure. Surviving seedlings were aggregated at short distances because of the patchy spatial distribution of safe sites for establishment, allowing development and strengthening of the marked fine-scale spatial structure.To address how P nutans, a potential model species to monitor the population effects of global warming, can distribute throughout wide environmental range, the plasticity of its morphology and physical traits to the environmental variables during the growing season. A population survey and laboratory experiments suggested that although P nutans could acclimate to various conditions of water availability, it showed maximum growth rate under a cool (< 10℃) and light conditions.

为了阐明环境变化对野生植物种群生存能力的影响，研究环境变化对个体适应度和种群遗传结构的影响及其驯化特征是必不可少的。本研究通过野外测量和室内实验，研究了报春花属3种报春花的种群现状、地上种群和土壤种子库的生态生理特征和遗传结构，分析了报春花对光照变化的形态和生理适应。定量揭示了光能利用率下降对营养生长的影响。对一个种群的遗传结构分析表明，尽管深层(持久)土壤种子库没有显著的遗传结构，但表层(暂态)种子库具有显著的空间结构。由于安全建植地点的空间分布呈斑块状，存活的幼苗被短距离聚集，从而允许显著的精细空间结构的发展和加强。为了研究作为监测全球变暖对种群影响的潜在模式物种如何在广泛的环境范围内分布，研究其形态和物理特性对生长季环境变量的可塑性。种群调查和实验室实验表明，虽然胡桃仁能适应不同的水分条件，但在凉爽(&lt；10℃)和光照条件下表现出最大的生长速度。