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Perception verbs in Khoe languages : their polysemies and semantic extensions

Khoe语言中的感知动词：它们的多义性和语义扩展

基本信息

批准号：
15401013
负责人：
NAKAGAWA Hirosi
金额：
$ 6.72万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15401013/
关键词：
Khoisan Khoe family perception verbs 意味論言語学語彙

项目摘要

This study has revealed a typologically unique feature of the perception verb systems attested in three Kalahari Khoe languages, namely, K≠haba, G|ui and G‖ana. In K≠haba, there are three verbs of perception of experience (non-controlled), i. e./moo/"see", /kum/"hear", and/k‖am/"taste". It is observed that/k‖am/"taste" semantically extends to the other two sensory modalities "touch" and "smell". This system, therefore, presents a counter example against part of Viberg's (1984: 147) proposal on the hierarchy of perception verbs: his hierarchy implies that a verb basically meaning "feel" extends its meaning to "taste", but not vice versa. In addition, the similar semantic extension is observed in the so-called copulative perception verbs in G|ui and G‖ana, as well as K≠haba, i.e. "look" vs. "taste (for sound)" vs. "taste (for taste)" vs. "taste (for touch)" vs. "taste (for smell)". This fact indicates that the following Viberg's view is questionable: "For the copulatives it seems to hold that smell is the first modality to be lexicalized." (p. 145). The important status of "taste" in the perception verbs may presumably be a feature of this language group. The question is why "taste" plays an important role in these languages. In order to explore this question, it is suggestive that G|ui has an elaborated lexical semantic domain of verbs/adjectives of "taste" and/or "food texture". The important status of "taste" in the perception verbs in these Khoisan languages probably reflects a culture-specific feature associated with this special semantic domain.Since these Khoe languages are virtually undescribed or poorly described, this study has conducted field investigations to collect relevant original data in Botswana. The research results, therefore, also include language documentations, such as phonetic-phonological documentation of G|ui, sociolinguistic survey of relevant languages, and anthropolinguistic ethnography. (288 words)

本研究揭示了Kalahari Khoe三种语言感知动词系统在类型学上的独特特征，即K≠haba、G≠ui和G≠ana。在K≠haba中，有三个动词表示对经验的感知（非受控），即/moo/“看”、/kum/“听”和/ K‖am/“尝”。可以观察到，/k‖am/“味道”在语义上延伸到其他两种感官形式“触觉”和“嗅觉”。因此，这个系统提出了一个反例，反对维伯格（1984:147）关于感知动词层次的部分建议：他的层次意味着一个基本上表示“感觉”的动词将其含义扩展到“味道”，而不是相反。此外，在G b| ui和G‖ana以及K≠haba中，也可以观察到类似的语义扩展。“看”vs。“taste （for sound）”vs。“taste （for taste）”vs。“taste（指触摸）”vs。“尝（闻）”。这一事实表明以下维伯格的观点是有问题的：“对于交配体来说，它似乎认为气味是第一个被词汇化的形态。”(p。145)。“味道”在感知动词中的重要地位可能是该语族的一个特点。问题是为什么“品味”在这些语言中扮演着重要的角色。为了探讨这一问题，我们认为G|ui有一个由“味道”和/或“食物质感”的动词/形容词组成的精心设计的词汇语义域。“味道”在这些科伊桑语感知动词中的重要地位可能反映了与这一特殊语义领域相关的文化特定特征。由于这些霍语几乎没有被描述或描述得很差，本研究在博茨瓦纳进行了实地调查，以收集相关的原始数据。因此，研究结果还包括语言文献，如G|ui的语音音系文献，相关语言的社会语言学调查和人类语言学民族志。(288字)