Comparative Folklore Studies in the Mixture of Folk Beliefs and Advocated Religions : Research and Analysis of the Beliefs of the Saints in Bretagne, France

本研究的重点是在布列塔尼和普罗旺斯这两个位于法国相对两侧的地区，圣人崇拜和民间节日的传承。它考察了复活节前2月份举行的狂欢节、5月份举行的预示春天到来的五朔节（L’arbre de Mai）以及夏季的圣埃洛伊马节（Saint Eloi horse festival）。当A.V. Gennep在19世纪末和20世纪初调查这些节日时，五月柱节在全国各地举行。然而，作者的研究发现，今天他们只在两个城镇生存，布列塔尼的洛克洛南和普罗旺斯的库伦。这个节日在库库隆的历史中有一个有趣的方面，那就是对圣人的崇拜被添加到先前存在的五月柱的民间习俗中。至于嘉年华会，虽然尼斯举办的城市节日是众所周知的，但研究显示，像2月的圣灰星期三举行的belle和Ermits嘉年华会……更多的是在白马村举行的形式更简单。普罗旺斯狂欢节的一个显著特点是娱乐元素很强，缺乏与圣徒崇拜有关的元素，与作者在以前的科学研究资助下进行研究时在布列塔尼发现的虔诚的圣徒崇拜相比。最近的研究还表明，夏季节日和与圣徒有关的民间习俗，如布列塔尼的赦免节和圣埃洛伊马节，在特定地区有明显的分布。圣安妮被认为是布列塔尼最重要的圣人，在布列塔尼的精神之都圣安妮奥雷举行的宗教节日以其宗教热情而闻名。相比之下，在普罗旺斯圣安妮崇拜的大本营阿普特镇举行的节日在形式上有些世俗。这项研究揭示了当今布列塔尼和普罗旺斯存在的包含古老民俗的节日之间关系的一些方面，值得进一步研究。少

This study focuses on the passing down of saint veneration and folk festivals in Brittany and Provence, two regions of France situated on opposite sides of the country. It examines carnivals held in February prior to Easter, the L'arbre de Mai, or Maypole festival held in May to herald the arrival of spring, and a summer festival, the Saint Eloi horse festival.When A.V. Gennep investigated such festivals at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Maypole festivals were held throughout the country. However, the author's research has found that today they survive in only in two towns, Locronan in Brittany and Cucuron in Provence. An interesting aspect of the history of this festival in Cucuron is that the veneration of the saints was added to the pre-existing folk custom of the Maypole. As for carnivals, while the urban festival held in Nice is well known, research revealed that carnivals such as the Belles and Ermits carnivals held on Ash Wednesday in February … More in the villages of Cheval Blanc are simpler in form. A distinctive feature of carnivals in Provence is the strong element of entertainment and the lack of elements related to saint veneration, as compared to the pious saint veneration found in Brittany by the author when conducting research under a previous Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. This more recent research also revealed that summer festivals and folk customs associated with saints, such as the Pardon Festival in Brittany and the Saint Eloi horse festival, are distinctively distributed in specified areas. Sainte-Anne is considered the most important saint in Brittany and the religious festivals held in Sainte-Anne d'Auray, the spiritual capital of Brittany, are notable for their religious fervor. In contrast, festivals held in the town of Apt, the stronghold of Sainte-Anne veneration in Provence, are somewhat secular in form. This research has brought to light aspects concerning the relationship between such festivals containing old folk customs existing in present-day Brittany and Provence that are worthy of further investigation. Less