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Comparative Folklore Studies in the Mixture of Folk Beliefs and Advocated Religions : Research and Analysis of the Fete of Pardon in Bretagne, France

民间信仰与所倡导宗教混合的比较民俗研究：法国布列塔尼赦免节的研究与分析

基本信息

批准号：
12571023
负责人：
SHINTANI Takanori
金额：
$ 7.3万
依托单位：
National Museum of Japanese History
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

During the fiscal 2000-2002 research period, our group undertook field studies in Bretagne (Brittany), France on the Fete of Pardon and tromenie festivals. Collection and analysis of these materials and data produced the following findings. 1) Even within Breton culture where Catholic religious beliefs are deep-rooted, there exists within the traditions of the Fetes of Pardon and tromenie festivals a mixture of traditional folk beliefs involving the sun and fire, miraculous springs, and the earth and megaliths. Our studies also showed that the stance adopted by the Church and priests toward these diverse folk beliefs is not one of denial or rejection, but is one of tacit acceptance. 2) There is syncretism between folk beliefs and the objects of these folk beliefs. For example, beliefs surrounding Sainte-Anne, the mother of the Virgin Mary, are set against an historical backdrop of legends about Anne-de-Bretagne, a Breton queen, while there are additional layers of folk beliefs related … More to Hana, a Celtic goddess, and Ahes, a sea goddess. 3) Surveys conducted in more than ten districts located around the Breton peninsula allowed us to make a structural comparison of the Fetes of Pardon and tromenie festivals. As a result of this comparison, we have been able to classify the Fetes of Pardon into the following main categories : A -fontaine (sacred springs) type, B -tantad (sacred fire) type, and C -menhir (sacred monolith) type. 4) Our research has revealed the existence of the "Feu de la Saint Jean", a fire festival held on the summer solstice, and the "Sain-Meen", a Celtic fire festival held at the beginning of summer, mixed in with the history of the tantad type of Fete of Pardon. At the same time, our research suggests that over time there has been considerable mixing of these elements. 5) The Fetes of Pardon and tromenie festivals are founded on beliefs in Breton saints. One main feature of these beliefs is the belief in "reliques", or the remains of these saints. One finding of particular note is the parallel coexistence of beliefs involving prayers for the health and fortune of the living, and beliefs involving prayers for a peaceful afterlife for the dead. Less

在2000-2002财政年度的研究期间，我们的小组在法国布列塔尼（布列塔尼）进行了关于赦免节和tromenie节的实地研究。对这些材料和数据的收集和分析得出了以下结论。1)即使在天主教宗教信仰根深蒂固的布雷东文化中，赦免节和特罗梅尼节的传统中也存在着传统民间信仰的混合体，涉及太阳与火、奇迹之泉以及地球和巨石。我们的研究还表明，教会和神父对这些不同的民间信仰所采取的立场不是否认或拒绝，而是默许。2)民间信仰与民间信仰对象之间存在着融合性。例如，围绕着圣母玛丽之母圣特-安妮的信仰，是以关于布雷东女王安妮-德-布列塔尼的传说为历史背景的，同时还有其他与之相关的民间信仰 ...更多信息凯尔特女神哈娜和海洋女神阿赫斯。3)在布雷东半岛周围的十多个地区进行的调查使我们能够对赦免节和特罗曼尼节进行结构上的比较。作为这种比较的结果，我们已经能够将赦免的祭祀分为以下几个主要类别：A -方丹（圣泉）类型，B -坦塔德（圣火）类型，和C -门希尔（圣石）类型。4)我们的研究揭示了“Feu de la Saint Jean”的存在，这是夏至举行的火节，以及“Sain-Meen”，这是夏季开始时举行的凯尔特火节，与宽恕节的历史混合在一起。与此同时，我们的研究表明，随着时间的推移，这些元素有相当大的混合。5)宽恕节和tromenie节是建立在对布雷东圣徒的信仰上的。这些信仰的一个主要特点是相信“reliques”，或这些圣徒的遗体。一个特别值得注意的发现是，为生者的健康和财富祈祷的信仰与为死者的来世祈祷的信仰平行共存。少