Green Chemistry Education at Secondary Schools

(1)绿色化学反应的基础研究从以下几个方面对中学教材中的各种化学反应进行了重新调查，以评价这些化学反应作为绿色化学教育教材的可能性：a)利用微波加热碳、有机合成和固体热分解对金属氧化物的反应，b)利用超声波振荡增强固液反应，以及(c)对固体热分解的机械化学效应。(2)绿色化学教育教材的开发在上述基础研究的基础上，开发了以下学生实验室化学实验教材：a)微波加热化学手磨机中氧化铁的碳还原，b)化学废水中氧化锰的合成及其作为催化剂的利用，c)超声波振荡合成孔雀石及其在若干化学实验中的应用，d)微波加热合成阿司匹林，e)环保还原剂和超声波振荡的靛蓝染色，e)苯磺化的微尺度实验。(3)中学绿色化学教育将上述化学实验应用于学生实验室，考察化学实验对绿色化学教学的意义。(4)化学课程与教师教育通过对中学化学课程现状的回顾，探讨了绿色化学课程对中学化学教师教育的意义。

(1)Fundamental Research for Green Chemistry ReactionsVarious chemical reactions treated as teaching materials at secondary schools were reinvestigated from the following view points in order to evaluate the possibility for applying these reactions as the teaching materials of green chemistry education : a)Reaction of metal oxides by carbon, organic synthesis, and thermal decomposition of solids using microwave heating, b)Enhancement of solid-liquid reaction using ultrasonic oscillation, and (c)Mechanochemical effect on the thermal decomposition of solids.(2)Development of Teaching Materials for Green Chemistry EducationOn the basis of the above fundamental research, the following teaching materials of chemical experiments at students' laboratory were developed : a)Carbon reduction of iron oxides in chemical hand wormer using microwave heating, b)Synthesis of manganese (IV)oxide from chemical waste water and utilization as catalyst, c)synthesis of malachite using ultrasonic oscillation and application to several chemical experiments, d)synthesis of Aspirin using microwave heating, e)indigo dying using eco-friendly reducing agent and ultrasonic oscillation, e)micro-scale experiment for sulfonation of Benzene.(3)Green chemistry education at secondary schoolApplying the above chemical experiments to students' laboratories, the usefulness of the chemical experiments for teaching the significance of green chemistry was investigated.(4)Chemistry curriculum and teacher educationSignificance of green chemistry intended curriculum at secondary schools was investigated by reviewing present status of chemistry curriculum, together with that for teacher education.