Green Chemistry Education at Secondary Schools

(1)绿色化学反应的基础研究从以下几个方面对中学教材中使用的各种化学反应进行了重新研究，以评估这些反应作为绿色化学教育教材的可能性：a)金属氧化物与碳的反应，有机合成，固体的微波加热热分解，b)利用超声波振荡强化固液反应，c)机械化学对固体热分解的影响。(2)绿色化学教学教材的开发学生实验室开发了以下化学实验教材：a)利用微波加热还原化学杀虫剂中的氧化铁，b)从化工废水中合成氧化锰并用作催化剂，c)利用超声波振荡合成孔雀石并将其应用于几个化学实验，d)利用微波加热合成阿司匹林，e)使用环保还原剂和超声波振荡进行蓝宝石染色，e)苯磺化微型实验。(3)中学绿色化学教育将上述化学实验应用于学生的实验室，考察了化学实验对绿色化学教学的意义。(4)化学课程与教师教育通过对中学化学课程现状和教师教育现状的回顾，探讨了中学绿色化学目标课程的意义。

(1)Fundamental Research for Green Chemistry ReactionsVarious chemical reactions treated as teaching materials at secondary schools were reinvestigated from the following view points in order to evaluate the possibility for applying these reactions as the teaching materials of green chemistry education : a)Reaction of metal oxides by carbon, organic synthesis, and thermal decomposition of solids using microwave heating, b)Enhancement of solid-liquid reaction using ultrasonic oscillation, and (c)Mechanochemical effect on the thermal decomposition of solids.(2)Development of Teaching Materials for Green Chemistry EducationOn the basis of the above fundamental research, the following teaching materials of chemical experiments at students' laboratory were developed : a)Carbon reduction of iron oxides in chemical hand wormer using microwave heating, b)Synthesis of manganese (IV)oxide from chemical waste water and utilization as catalyst, c)synthesis of malachite using ultrasonic oscillation and application to several chemical experiments, d)synthesis of Aspirin using microwave heating, e)indigo dying using eco-friendly reducing agent and ultrasonic oscillation, e)micro-scale experiment for sulfonation of Benzene.(3)Green chemistry education at secondary schoolApplying the above chemical experiments to students' laboratories, the usefulness of the chemical experiments for teaching the significance of green chemistry was investigated.(4)Chemistry curriculum and teacher educationSignificance of green chemistry intended curriculum at secondary schools was investigated by reviewing present status of chemistry curriculum, together with that for teacher education.