Development of Teaching Materials on Environmental Education in Chemistry

探讨了将学校化学实验产生的重金属废水处理作为环境教育教材引入中学元素化学课和高中化学课的可能性。结合各级学校的实际情况，建立了铜、银、铝、铁、铬和锰的反应循环。建议适当采用涉及反应周期的化学反应作为化学反应和（或）环境教育的教材。介绍了中学化学实验产生的重金属废水的处理方法。并规定了适宜的污水处理实验条件，以便将实践作为学生实验的教材。此外，还新编写了一些有关重金属反应周期的教材。针对铜的反应循环的发展，以碱式铜（II）化合物的沉淀反应作为化学实验的教材，对废水进行处理，测定碱式铜（II）盐的化学成分。提出了适合中等元素学校的银的反应周期。反应循环中所涉及的化学反应也可用于热分解和电解的教学。开发了几种铝化学实验教材，并将其引入到铝的反应循环中。从铁在空气中氧化反应的角度，研究了环境条件对产物氢氧化铁（III）结晶结构的影响。指出氧化铁（III）的结构变形可以作为与酸雨有关的教材。

It was examined the possibility of introducing the treatments of heavy metal wastewater produced by the chemical experiments in schools into the secondary elemental and high school chemistry classes as teaching materials of environmental education. Reaction cycles of copper, silver, aluminium, iron, chromium and manganese were established with reference to the practical conditions of the respective levles of school. It was proposed to employ suitably the chemical reactions involving the reaction cycles as the teaching materials of chemical reaction and/or environmental education. It was described the proper treatments of the heavy metal wastewater produced by the chemical experiments in the secondary elemental and high schools. Appropriate experimental conditions for the wastewater treatments were also specified for using the practices as the teaching materials of students' experiments. In addition, several teaching materials relating to the reaction cycles of the heavy metals were newly develped. Concerning the development of reaction cycle of copper, the precipitation reactions of basic copper (II) compounds were utilized as the teaching materials of chemical experiments aiming at the treatment of wastewater and the determination of chemical composition of such basic salts. Reaction cycle of silver appropriate for the secondary element school was proposed. The chemical reactions involved in the reaction cycle can also be used for teaching the thermal decomposition and electrolysis. Several teaching materials of chemical experiments using the aluminium can were developed and introduced into the reaction cycle of aluminium. From a view point of oxidation reaction of iron in air, the influence of the environmental conditions on the crystalline structure of product iron (III) oxyhydroxide were investigated. As a result, it was pointed out that the structural deformation of iron (III) oxyhyroxides can be used as the teaching material in relation to acidic rain.