Basic Study of Ethics of Science and Technology from the point of Risk Analysis

风险分析视角下的科技伦理基础研究

• 批准号: 16300284
• 负责人: KURRATA Nobuo
• 金额: $ 5.06万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16300284/
• 关键词: Risk Analysis; Engineering Ethics; Ethics of Science and Technology; Education of Ethics of S&T; Risk Communication; Science, Technology, and Society; Precautionary Principle; Risk Acceptance

In this program, firstly, we analyzed the ethical meanings of the methods of risk-benefit analysis used for the social problems about science and technology, and we investigated whether social equity is considered in this process. Second, ethical problems of science and technology, such as nanotechnology and GM crops, were analyzed from the point of the risk evaluation and the risk communication. Third, we studied about risk-theory from the points of philosophy of science, ethics, politics, and psychology in addition to it, we studied democratic decision-making model for risk management. Fourth, we tried to introduce the methods of risk evaluation in the education of engineer ethics.We took the endocrine disturbing chemicals as an example, and confirmed that risk-theory based on the cost benefit analysis is employed as the means to justify technology for which people feel anxiety. Kuroda investigated material about social impacts of nanotechnology and considered their similarity with asbestos damages. Kurata studied ethical problems of GM crops, and confirmed that factors outside science play the important role in the argument about GM crops.And as a theoretical study about risk theory, we studied philosophical, ethical, social and political implications of precautionary principle, and concluded that it has many aspects. We investigated a risk management in corporations (internal control). As a philosophical study, we worked on philosophical implications of probability and Bayesian principle, and we considered its meaning from the point of philosophy of science, and the rational decision-making under some risks from the point of psychology.In risk assessments and democratic decision-makings, we confirmed that a democratic decision about risks is possible with participatory technology assessments and bidirectional communication. We exchanged information about education of engineer ethics, and tried to introduce such outcomes into engineer ethics education.

在这个节目中，我们首先分析了科技社会问题的风险-收益分析方法的伦理意义，以及在这个过程中是否考虑了社会公平。其次，从风险评价和风险沟通的角度分析了纳米技术和转基因作物等科技的伦理问题。第三，从科学哲学、伦理学、政治学和心理学的角度对风险理论进行了研究，并对风险管理的民主决策模型进行了研究。第四，尝试在工程伦理教育中引入风险评价的方法。我们以干扰内分泌的化学物质为例，证实了基于成本效益分析的风险理论是为人们感到焦虑的技术辩护的手段。黑田东彦调查了有关纳米技术的社会影响的材料，并认为它们与石棉损害的相似性。Kurata研究了转基因作物的伦理问题，并证实了科学之外的因素在关于转基因作物的争论中起着重要作用。作为风险理论的理论研究，我们研究了预防原则的哲学、伦理、社会和政治含义，得出预防原则具有多方面的意义。我们调查了企业的风险管理（内部控制）。作为一项哲学研究，我们研究了概率论和贝叶斯原理的哲学含义，从科学哲学的角度考虑了它的意义，从心理学的角度考虑了一些风险下的理性决策。在风险评估和民主决策方面，我们证实了参与式技术评估和双向沟通可以实现风险的民主决策。我们交流了工程伦理教育的相关信息，并尝试将这些成果引入工程伦理教育。

项目成果

リスクコミュニケーションと技術者倫理

风险沟通和工程师道德

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 工学教育(日本工学教育協会) 54-1
• 作者: MICHINOBU;Ryoko;石原孝二
• 通讯作者: 石原孝二

技術者倫理と学協会

工程师伦理与学术协会

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: フルードパワーシステム VOL.37 NO.2
• 作者: K. Kanai;T. Miyazaki;H. Suzuki;M. Inaba;Y. Ouchi;K. Seki;三上喜貴
• 通讯作者: 三上喜貴

科学技術倫理を学ぶ人のために

对于那些研究科学技术伦理的人

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: KIYOTAKA NAOE;直江清隆;KIYOTAKA NAOE;KIYOTAKA NAOE;KIYOTAKA NAOE;直江 清隆;直江清隆;直江清隆;直江清隆;KIYOTAKA NAOE;KIYOTAKA NAOE;直江清隆;Pieter E.Vermaas(ed.);Pieter E.Vermaas(他編);東洋大学哲学科(編);新田孝彦(編)
• 通讯作者: 新田孝彦(編)

技術者倫理教育はなぜ必要か

为什么需要工程师职业道德教育？

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 電気学会誌 124・10
• 作者: 高橋晃一;Kohji Ishihara;Kohji Ishihara;石原孝二;石原孝二
• 通讯作者: 石原孝二