权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Studies on past-environment by ice core analyses using microbial activities in the snow and ice

利用冰雪中微生物活动的冰芯分析研究过去环境

基本信息

批准号：
16310004
负责人：
KOHSHIMA Shiro
金额：
$ 6.4万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16310004/
关键词：
ice core microorganism glacier past environment algae bacteria gene analysis snow and ice

项目摘要

We improved the method of biological ice-core analysis applying the following new techniques of DNA analysis, such as species identification by 16SrRNA gene analysis, RT-PCR and microbial community analysis by DGGE method. These improvements enabled identification and quantification of bacteria and cyanobacteria in the ice-cores and snow and ice samples which had been difficult with old techniques.We collected ice-core samples in Russian Altai, European Alps, Chilean Andes, Alaska and analyzed biotic contents in these cores, such as snow algae, bacteria, fungi and pollens. In all these analyses, we could show that we can use the snow algae and pollens in the ice core as a good markers for annual layers useful for accurate dating of mid-latitude ice cores. We also examined bacterial DNA in the Antarctic ice cores for potential use as new environmental markers for the study on the past environment. We found that the Antarctic ice core preserved many ancient airborne bacteria and that bac … More terial community contained in the ice core differed between the samples of glacial age and interglacial age. The results suggest that air borne bacteria in the Antarctic ice cores could be new environmental markers if we can identify the source of the bacteria. So, we also started preliminary sampling and analysis of airborne bacteria released from Amazonian tropical rain forest, one of the possible source of bacteria stored in the Antarctic ice cores.To make comparative studies among glacier ecosystems of various part of the world, we collected microbiologial samples at the glaciers of the following regions: Russian Altai, Alaska mountain-range, European Alps, Chilean Andes and Rwenzori mountains of Uganda. By analyzing these samples with new methods, we could obtain many results important to understand glacier ecosystems and improve biological ice-core analysis. For example, we could find more than 10 new bacterial species adapted to cold environment in the snow and ice. The results of these analyses also showed that bacterial community on the glacier changed depending on the altitude. The result implies that we can use bacteria in the ice core as new environmental markers as well as snow algae because their their biomass and species composition change with environmental condition.[ Less

采用16SrRNA基因鉴定物种、RT-PCR和DGGE法分析微生物群落等DNA分析新技术，对生物冰芯分析方法进行了改进。这些改进使鉴定和量化冰芯和冰雪样品中的细菌和蓝藻成为可能，而旧技术很难做到这一点。我们收集了俄罗斯阿尔泰、欧洲阿尔卑斯山、智利安第斯山脉和阿拉斯加的冰芯样本，并分析了这些冰芯中的生物含量，如雪藻、细菌、真菌和花粉。在所有这些分析中，我们可以证明我们可以使用冰芯中的雪藻和花粉作为年度层的良好标记，这对中纬度冰芯的准确测年有用。我们还检查了南极冰芯中的细菌DNA，以作为研究过去环境的新环境标记。我们发现南极冰芯中保存了许多古老的空气传播细菌，并且冰芯中含有的物质群落在冰期和间冰期样品中存在差异。研究结果表明，如果我们能确定细菌的来源，南极冰芯中的空气传播细菌可能成为新的环境标志。因此，我们也开始对亚马逊热带雨林释放的空气中细菌进行初步采样和分析，这是南极冰芯中储存的细菌的可能来源之一。为了对世界不同地区的冰川生态系统进行比较研究，我们在俄罗斯阿尔泰山脉、阿拉斯加山脉、欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉、智利安第斯山脉和乌干达鲁文佐里山脉的冰川上采集了微生物样本。通过对这些样品的新方法分析，我们可以获得许多对了解冰川生态系统和改进生物冰芯分析具有重要意义的结果。例如，我们可以在冰雪中发现10多种适应寒冷环境的新细菌。这些分析的结果还表明，冰川上的细菌群落随着海拔的变化而变化。结果表明，冰芯中细菌和雪藻的生物量和种类组成随环境条件的变化而变化，可以作为新的环境标志。(少