Studies for biological ice core analyses using microorganisms growing in the snow and ice of the glacier

利用生长在冰川冰雪中的微生物进行生物冰芯分析研究

• 批准号: 13480154
• 负责人: KOHSHIMA Shiro
• 金额: $ 6.53万
• 依托单位: TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13480154/
• 关键词: Glacier; Ice core; microorganism; snow algae; bacteria; pareoclimate; environmental change; ecology; 遺伝子解析; 雪氷

Technical improvement of microbiological analysis of snow and ice : In order to identify bacteria growing in the snow and ice, we collected snow samples from Kuranosuke snow patch in Japan Alps, extracted 16s rRNA DNA from the samples and sequenced these DNA. We could identify bacterial species in the snow samples by matching the sequences with those in the various Databases. Samples of the the melting season contained a psychrophilic bacterium and two psychrotrophic bacteria. Seasonal change of bacterial biomass estimated by Real time PCR strongly suggested that these 3 species are growing in the snow during melt-season. We also succeeded in extraction and seaquencing of 18s rRNA DNA of snow algae and identification of some species.Biological ice core analyses using microorganisms in the snow and ice: We collected shallow ice cores and samples of microorganisms in the snow and ice of the glaciers of various part of the world, such as Alaska, Altai mountains, Chilean Andes and Bhutan Himalaya. Although analyses of the ice cores are still ongoing, all ice cores collected contained microorganisms such as snow algae and bacteria. These microorganisms in the ice cores were analyzed for potential use in ice core analyses. In some ice cores, it was revealed that microorganisms in the ice core, especially snow algae are effective marker of annual layers. We estimated incredibly high net accumulation rate of a Patagonian glacier (10-20m w.e.) by analyzing seasonal change of snow algal biomass in the ice core.

冰雪微生物分析的技术改进：为了鉴定生长在冰雪中的细菌，我们从日本阿尔卑斯山的Kuranosuke雪块收集了雪样品，从样品中提取了16 s rRNA DNA并对这些DNA进行了测序。我们可以通过将序列与各种数据库中的序列进行匹配来识别雪样本中的细菌种类。融化季节的样本含有一种嗜冷细菌和两种嗜冷细菌。通过真实的时间PCR测定的细菌生物量的季节变化表明，这3个物种在融化季节的雪中生长。雪藻18 SrRNA DNA的提取和测序以及部分种类的鉴定。利用冰雪中的微生物进行生物冰芯分析：我们收集了世界各地冰川的浅冰芯和冰雪中的微生物样品，如阿拉斯加、阿尔泰山脉、智利的安第斯山脉和不丹的喜马拉雅山脉。虽然对冰芯的分析仍在进行中，但所有收集到的冰芯都含有雪藻和细菌等微生物。分析了冰芯中的这些微生物在冰芯分析中的潜在用途。在一些冰芯中发现，冰芯中的微生物，特别是雪藻是年层的有效标志。我们估计了巴塔哥尼亚冰川（10- 20米w.e.）通过分析冰芯雪藻生物量的季节变化，

项目成果

Shiraiwa, T., others: "Characteristics of a crater glacier at Ushkovsky volcano as revealed by the physical properties of ice cores and borehole thermometry."J.Glaciology. 7・158. 423-432 (2001)

Shiraiwa, T.，其他：“通过冰芯的物理特性和钻孔测温揭示的乌什科夫斯基火山火山口冰川的特征。”J.Glaciology 7・158 (2001)。

Yamada, T., Kohsima, S., others: "Outline of 2002-research on glaciers and glacier lakes in Lunana region, Bhutan Himalaya."Bulletin of Glaciological Research. 21. 79-90 (2004)

Yamada, T.、Kohsima, S.等人：“2002年概要——不丹喜马拉雅山卢纳纳地区冰川和冰川湖的研究。”冰川学研究通报。

Shiraiwa, T., others: "Ice core drilling at King Col, Mount Logan 2002"Bulletin of Glaciological Reserch. 20. 57-63 (2003)

Shiraiwa, T. 等人：“2002 年洛根山 King Col 的冰芯钻探”冰川学研究公报。

Takeuchi, N.: "Optical characteristics of cryoconite (surface dust) on glaciers : the relationship between light absorbency and the property of organic matter"Annals of Glaciology. 34. 409-414 (2002)

Takeuchi, N.：“冰川上冰晶石（表面灰尘）的光学特性：光吸收率与有机物特性之间的关系”冰川学年鉴。

Kohshima, S., Yoshimura, Y., Takauchi, N.: "Glacier ecosystem and biological ice-core analysis. in "The Patagonian Icefields""Kluwer Acaademic/Plenum Publishers. 192 (2002)

Kohshima, S.、Yoshimura, Y.、Takauchi, N.：“冰川生态系统和生物冰芯分析。载于“巴塔哥尼亚冰原””Kluwer Acaademic/Plenum 出版社。