Policy processes and policy outcomes on creating city environment and societal capacity

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This research is to build up a conceptual model of unified analysis and assessments as an attribution to urban environmental problems. Policy processes and societal environmental management capacity are determinative factors of policy outcomes.The concept of sustainable city, targeting urban open spaces of human actions was reviewed. Furthermore, processes of creating a sustainable city and societal capacity formations were checked up.Compact cities in European urban policies and the concept of smart growth in American urban policies, ten cities in total, were analyzed. The following items were ordered and analyzed to bring out the structure of effective urban plans.・Problems of effective results・Monitoring systems and problems of assessments・Societal capacity and relationshipsFurthermore, the development process of creating cities and urban policies was given special focus. Therefore, organizational configurations, institutions and the way in which cities deal with problems were made clearer and the way in which societal capacity has changed was analyzed.