A Comparative Study of Japan and Germany about Reorganization of the Urban Space accompanied by Advances of Social Governance

近年来，社会治理的进步是全球趋势。本研究的目的是探讨这种趋势如何影响新的城市空间重组。在本研究中，我们关注的是城市改造项目，以及社区、非营利组织和地方政府的合作行动。并将它们与日本和德国进行了比较。结果总结如下：(1)在德国，社区、NPO和地方政府协同行动的城市改造项目尤其在存在各种社会问题的地区进行。另一方面，在日本，这种项目倾向于在居民对公民参与的意识较高的地区进行。(2)在德国，从法律上讲，市政府应该主导城市的一体化发展。近年来，由于基于地方21世纪议程的要求，市政府不仅进行意见访谈，而且正在促进更多居民的直接参与。也有NPO和具有特殊知识的公民参与专业人士参与城市改造项目的案例。市政府在社会治理中发挥了重要的推进作用，在寻求公共利益的同时调节了诸多行为主体的利益。(3)在日本，在社区、NPO和地方政府协同行动的城市空间重组项目中，市政府积极向公民开放行政信息、促进公民参与的活动更为重要。

In Recent years, there is a global trend towards progress of social governance. The purpose of this research is to examine how this trend influences the new urban space reorganization. In this study we focused urban redevelopment projects, with collaborative actions of community, NPO and local government. And they were compared between Japan and Germany.The results are summarized as follows.(1)In Germany, the urban redevelopment projects with collaborative actions of community, NPO and local government is carried out in the area which has various social problems especially. On the other hand, in Japan, there is a tendency for such projects to be carried out in the area where the resident consciousness to citizen participation is high.(2)Legally the municipal government should lead integrated development of the city in Germany. In recent years, since to be based on local agenda 21 is demanded, the municipal government does not only opinion interviews, but is promoting direct participation of much more residents. There are also cases where NPO and professionals of citizen participation with special knowledge participate in urban redevelopment projects. The municipal government has played the important role of advances of social governance which adjusts many actors' profits while searching for public benefit.(3)In Japan, when the urban space reorganization project with collaborative actions of community, NPO and local government is carried out, activities of the municipal government which opens administration information to citizens positively and promotes citizen participation are more important.