Profession and normative orders in the development of urban special schools (Hilfsschule): Modernizing social governance (re- submission)

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The research project aims on reconstructing the development of special schools in Germany focussing the modernization and urbanization process in Berlin and Frankfurt during the period 1890-1914. The research follows a source bound and historical comparative approach and is based on the following thesis: The upbringing of special schools is embedded in the process of establishing new normative orders within structural modernization crises. The research question is: What motives did the municipalities follow to identify (apparently against the resistance of the primary school teachers) special educational students and building up special schools?