Substantial study on a process of acceptance and diffusion of agriculture in the Far East analyzing millet, barley and wheat remains

研究对象1；古坟时代之后，植物组成是如何变化的？我们从九州地区的古代和中世纪遗址中恢复了植物的宏观遗骸，例如漂浮的博多遗址。结果我们认识到，在8世纪之后，小米、大麦和小麦的产量与水稻相比迅速增加。直到16世纪中期，人们才认识到这些谷物在主食组成中所占的比例很高。造成这种现象的主要原因似乎是可怕的气候变化，全球变暖造成的水稻歉收。此外，根据基因研究和考古研究结果，我们估计有一种带壳大麦是由渤海人引进的。研究对象2；日本群岛是如何开始种植植物的？为了解决这个问题，我们将史前日本、韩国、俄罗斯和中国的植物种子列了出来，并在发现碳14日期错误后，最终提取了每个地区的可靠的植物成分。将它们和它们的过渡进行比较，绳纹的耕地可以分为两类，一类是在绳纹中期之前开始耕种的耕地，另一类是在绳纹后期后半期之后开始耕种的耕地。后者是从朝鲜半岛引进的新来者，含水稻、大麦、谷子，随着进一步的研究，接受日本的时间将回到比那个时间更早的时间。此次最重要的发现是发现了日本最古老的绳纹大豆“熊台”印痕。随着更古老的例子的发现，我们认为大豆在绳纹中期开始在国内种植。

Subject 1 of study; How did a cultigens composition changed afterward the Kofun PeriodWe recovered plant macro-remains from the Ancient and Middle age sites in Kyushu region, for instance the Hakata Sites with floatation. As the results we recognized that rapid increasing of amount of millets, barley, and wheat comparing with rice afterward 8 century. The phenomenon, high proportion of these cereals in the composition of staple foods is recognized continuously until Middle age, 16 century A Main reason causes the phenomenon seems to be lean harvest of rice happened by terrible climatic change, global warming. Additionally, with a result of gene study and archaeological study we estimated that one type of hulled barley is introduced by Bo Hai peoples.Subject 2 of study ; How did a plant cultivation begin in Japan archipelagoIn order to solve the issue we listed up the cultigens seeds of prehistoric Japan, Korea, Russia, and China and finally extracted reliable compositions of cultigens in each region after finding faults of carbon 14 date. Comparing them and their transitions lead the result that cultigens in Jomon are divided into two categories, the one is cultigens which begin to be cultivated before the Middle Jomon and the other is ones which begin to be cultivated after the latter half of Late Jomon. The later are newcomers introduced from the Korean Peninsula contained rice, barley, foxtail millet With further study the acceptance time to Japan would be back to the earlier than that time. The most important find this time is a discovery of the impressions of Jomon Soybean named "Kumadai", which are the oldest ones in Japan. With a discovery of more older example we argued that the soybean began to be cultivated domestically at the Middle Jomon.