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Common Wheal in Contemporary Society - International Research on the Value Idea beyond New Public Management

当代社会的共同风潮——新公共管理之外的价值理念的国际研究

基本信息

批准号：
16330029
负责人：
YORITOMO Katsumi
金额：
$ 3.71万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16330029/
关键词：
Public Management New Public Management Regulation Reform 公益国際比較

项目摘要

Since the middle of the 80s the trend of neo-liberaliism has come to the industrialised countries, while in Japan also efforts of administrative modernisation are continued in accord with this trend. Its fundamental idea is New Public Management, namely a style to introduce modes of business management into public administration. There are, roughly classified, five different approaches for modernisation. First to be referred is a method of performance evaluation to evaluate internal and external aspects of administrative overall activity based on performance. This leads directly to performance evaluation in personal management and promotes in reality the prevalence of a method named with Administrative Evaluation or Policy Evaluation meaning the evaluation of certain categories of government activity in Japan. Furthermore to be named are simpler organisation with fewer strata, accrual accounting after the system of business amounting, and client orientation dealing with citizens as cli … More ents who are partners of administrative activities. The most prevailed approach of the trend today is introduction of market principle into public administration through reviewing the whole range of government activities and realising different types of privatisation.For example, on the national level, not only the privatisation of the Public Utility of Telephone and Telegraph, the National Railway, the Cigarettes Monopoly, the Post and Saving Services, and the Highway Services are carried out, but also the construction and services of airports is being thought to be privatised. On the municipal level, together with the treatment and handling of waste as a typical example, being discussed are the water services, the construction and services of hospitals, day nurseries, kindergartens, and, last not but least, management of various types of schools. Truly there are many successful cases among such examples, but, in my mind, to be questioned nowadays is how far the market principles should be introduced into public administration. It seems true that there are some values which can not be fulfilled at all only through the market principles based on profitability and efficiency. This Research has contributed to such discussions. Less

自80年代中期以来，工业化国家出现了新自由主义的趋势，而在日本，行政现代化的努力也与这一趋势保持雅阁。其基本理念是新公共管理，即在公共管理中引入企业管理模式的一种管理方式。现代化大致有五种不同的途径。首先要提到的是绩效评估方法，用于根据绩效评估行政整体活动的内部和外部方面。这直接导致了人事管理中的绩效评估，并在现实中推动了一种名为“行政评估”或“政策评估”的方法的流行，即对日本政府某些类别活动的评估。此外，还可以列举的是更简单的组织，层次更少，权责发生制会计系统后的业务量，和客户导向处理公民作为一个整体， ...更多信息是行政活动的合伙人。今天最流行的做法是通过审查政府活动的整个范围和实现不同类型的私有化，将市场原则引入公共管理。例如，在国家一级，不仅对电话电报公用事业、国家铁路、烟草专卖、邮政和储蓄服务以及公路服务进行了私有化，而且机场的建设和服务也被认为是私有化的。在城市一级，除了废物的处理和处置这一典型例子外，还讨论了供水服务、医院、日托所、幼儿园的建设和服务，以及最后但也是最不重要的，各种学校的管理。诚然，这些例子中有许多成功的例子，但在我看来，今天值得质疑的是，市场原则应在多大程度上引入公共行政。似乎有些价值观是不能仅仅通过基于盈利和效率的市场原则来实现的。这项研究有助于这种讨论。少