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Morphodynamical Studies of Performance of Flood-control Levee Systems

防洪堤坝系统性能的形态动力学研究

基本信息

批准号：
16360237
负责人：
SEKIGUCHI Hideo
金额：
$ 9.66万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The urbanization in river basins and increased trend of extreme meteorological events have recently intensified flood disasters in Japan. Admittedly, however, it is unrealistic to make every river segments sided by high levees in such a way that no overflow can occur even under excessively high flood stage. The purpose of this research is to address the issue as to how the consequences of extreme flooding can be minimized in given flood-prone low-lying areas. An effective strategy may be to promote preparedness for water-related hazard risks through relevant geoinformatics. Most of the existing morphological maps in paper format were published decades ago, thus being somehow isolated from GIS and the INTERNET. Also, no or little clues of related hydrodynamical processes can be read off from such existing hazard maps. With these aspects in mind, the present research project focused on the following themes in a mutually interactive fashion.(1)High-resolution Imaging of Flood-related Topo … More graphical Features ; The 2004 levee-breaching case with the Maruyama River was investigated in detail from a morphodynamical viewpoint. The field study identified a range of sedimentary features that were induced by the overflow and outburst and enabled the associated topographical changes to be quantified by making use of a digital photo-theodolite system. Also, critical examination was made of the usefulness and limitations of a thirty-year-old hazard map in paper format that depicted flood-prone morphological features in the river basin concerned.(2)Development of Three-dimensional Analysis Code for Liquefied/Fluidized Sediment Flows ; The aim of this undertaking was to develop an analysis framework by which to relate flood-induced sedimentary features to the hydrodynamical processes operational. A two-dimensional analysis code (LIQSEDFLOW by Sassa et al., 2003) for liquefied sediment gravity flows was extended to a fully three-dimensional version, with an application to the 2004 levee-breaching case stated above.(3)Identifying Subsurface Flood-related Features through Geophysical/Sedimentological Surveys ; Combined geophysical/sedimentological surveys have been performed in the Uji River floodplain where flood disasters frequently took place even in the past 100 years or so. The subsurface features identified include old channels, buried sand bars and event sand layers containing mud clasts. The methodology may be of use in assessing the quality of old-channel fills, for instance. Less

近年来，日本河流流域的城市化和极端气象事件的增加加剧了洪水灾害。但是，要使每一条河流都有高堤，即使在过高的洪水位下也不会发生溢流，这是不现实的。这项研究的目的是解决这个问题，如何极端洪水的后果可以最大限度地减少在给定的洪水易发低洼地区。一项有效的战略可能是通过相关的地理信息学促进对与水有关的灾害风险的防备。大多数现有的纸质形态图都是几十年前出版的，因此在某种程度上与GIS和Internet隔离。此外，从现有的灾害图中无法或几乎无法读出有关流体动力过程的线索。考虑到这些方面，本研究项目以互动方式侧重于以下主题。（1）洪水相关地形的高分辨率成像 ...更多信息图形特征：2004年的堤坝突破的情况下，丸山河进行了详细的调查，从形态动力学的观点。实地研究确定了溢流和爆发引起的一系列沉积特征，并利用数字摄影经纬仪系统量化了相关的地形变化。此外，还严格审查了30年前的纸质灾害地图的用处和局限性，该地图描绘了有关流域易发洪水的地貌特征。（2）液化/流化沉积物流三维分析程序的开发：这项工作的目的是开发一个分析框架，通过该框架将洪水引起的沉积特征与运行的水动力过程联系起来。二维分析代码（LIQSEDFLOW，Sassa等人，2003年）的液化沉积物重力流扩展到一个完全三维的版本，与应用到2004年的堤坝决口的情况下，上述。（3）通过地球物理/沉积学调查识别与地下洪水有关的特征;在过去100年左右经常发生洪水灾害的宇治河漫滩进行了地球物理/沉积学联合调查。已识别的地下特征包括古河道、埋藏砂坝和含泥质碎屑的事件砂层。例如，该方法可用于评估旧通道填充的质量。少