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Why do females mate with multiple males?

为什么雌性会与多个雄性交配？

基本信息

批准号：
16370013
负责人：
KASUYA Eiiti
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERCITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The number of males which a female mates with shows a large variation among animal species. This interspecific variation has been studied for a long time, based on hypotheses that invoke benefits of polyandry for females. We studied the evolution of monogamy/polyandry by using a species that has the genetic variation of the degree of polyandry among populations. This feature makes the crossing among populations with different levels of polyandry possible. We used the adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis). First, we examined the possibility that factors in one sex is responsible for the different levels of polyandry among populations. There were three possible case : only females are responsible, only males are responsible, and both are responsible. We also showed that there was a genetic variation of levels of polyandry among populations. Artificial selection experiments showed no correlated response in the rates of mating in two sexes. This suggested that the no genetic correlation in the rates of mating of two sexes. The direct benefit of polyandry for females was not shown. Several components of offspring fitness did not show the indirect benefit of polyandry for females. Males in the population with a higher level of polyandry showed a larger ability of sperm competition over males of the population with a lower level of polyandry. The level of polyandry was also affected by conditions including the time in a day and substrate for oviposition.

与雌性交配的雄性数量在动物物种之间有很大的差异。这种种间的变异已经研究了很长时间，基于假设，援引一妻多夫制的好处，为女性。我们研究了一夫一妻制/一妻多夫制的进化，通过使用一个物种，具有一妻多夫制的程度在种群之间的遗传变异。这一特点使得不同程度的一妻多夫制人群之间的杂交成为可能。我们使用红小豆甲虫（Callosobruchus chinensis）。首先，我们研究了一种性别的因素是造成人口中不同程度的一妻多夫制的可能性。有三种可能的情况：只有女性负责，只有男性负责，两者都负责。我们还表明，有一个群体之间的一妻多夫水平的遗传变异。人工选择实验表明，两性的交配率没有相关的反应。这表明，两性的交配率没有遗传相关性。一妻多夫制对女性的直接好处没有显示出来。后代健身的几个组成部分并没有表现出一妻多夫制的女性的间接利益。一妻多夫程度高的群体中的雄性比一妻多夫程度低的群体中的雄性表现出更大的精子竞争能力。一妻多夫的水平也受到条件的影响，包括在一天中的时间和基板产卵。