Studies on agronomic genes in rice.

水稻农艺基因研究。

• 批准号: 16380001
• 负责人: SANO Yoshio
• 金额: $ 9.98万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16380001/
• 关键词: Useful traits; Genetic diversification; Local adaptation; Nucleotide diversity; Introgression; Genealogy; Green revolution; Waxy gene; イネ; 食味関連遺伝子; 遺伝資源; 半矮性遺伝子

The objective of this study is to examine why genetic diversity, especially in agronomic traits, is maintained in crop species. To understand ongoing micro-evolutionary processes, genetic alterations in response to temperature (cold resistance), photoperiod (flowering time) and biotic environments (competition with weeds) were investigated in wild and cultivated rice. The adaptive mechanism in these traits was not well explained by a few major genes, suggesting that epistasis, genotype x environment (GE) interaction and linked genes were involved in addition to genes with a small additive effect. The results showed that the presence of epistasis and GE interaction play a significant role for the maintenance of genetic diversity in rice. Genetic diversity is also affected both by current patterns of micro-evolutionary forces, such as gene flow and selection, and by the phylogenetic history. Genealogies of agronomic genes provided insight into their history. Unexpectedly, "Green Revolution" gene (sd1) preexisted in the wild ancestor, showing that farmers have selected it to obtain a high yield in response to altered practices in agriculture. In contrast, in the case of C, A and wx genes, it was indicated that variants have generated from landraces through natural or artificial selection. These results lead us to consider that each of the genes has a unique history, which might reflect on different patterns of natural and/or artificial selection. It seems that farmers have mined the sd1 allele from the wild population and have maintained it in different landraces, while farmers have selected newly arisen mutations from landraces in the case of C, wx and A genes consciously or unconsciously. Therefore, landraces are also expected to preserve agronomically valuable genes, even if a reduction in nucleotide diversity was caused by the population bottleneck due to domestication.

本研究的目的是探讨为什么作物物种能够保持遗传多样性，特别是农艺性状的多样性。为了了解正在进行的微观进化过程，在野生和栽培稻中研究了对温度（耐寒性）、光周期（开花时间）和生物环境（与杂草的竞争）反应的遗传改变。这些性状的适应性机制并不能通过一些主要基因得到很好的解释，这表明除了具有小的加性效应的基因之外，上位性、基因型x环境（GE）相互作用和连锁基因也参与其中。结果表明，上位性和GE相互作用的存在对于水稻遗传多样性的维持发挥着重要作用。遗传多样性还受到当前微观进化力量模式（例如基因流和选择）以及系统发育历史的影响。农艺基因的谱系提供了对其历史的深入了解。出乎意料的是，“绿色革命”基因（sd1）预先存在于野生祖先中，表明农民选择它来获得高产，以应对农业实践的改变。相反，就C、A和wx基因而言，表明变异体是通过自然或人工选择从地方品种中产生的。这些结果使我们认为每个基因都有独特的历史，这可能反映了自然和/或人工选择的不同模式。农民似乎从野生种群中挖掘了sd1等位基因，并将其保留在不同的地方品种中，而农民则有意识或无意识地从地方品种中选择了新出现的突变C、wx和A基因。因此，地方品种也有望保留具有农艺价值的基因，即使核苷酸多样性的减少是由于驯化造成的种群瓶颈造成的。

项目成果

Multiple forms of α-glucosidase in rice seeds (Oryza sativa L., var Nipponbare)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.09.014
• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Biochimie
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Hiroyuki Nakai;Tatsuya Ito;M. Hayashi;Koutarou Kamiya;Takeshi Yamamoto;K. Matsubara;Young-Min Kim;Wongchawalit Jintanart;M. Okuyama;H. Mori;S. Chiba;Y. Sano;A. Kimura

Genetics of reproductive isolation in crop species

作物物种生殖隔离的遗传学

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Recent Research Developments in Genetics & Breeding 1
• 作者: H.Nakai;T.Ito;M.Hayashi;K.Kamiya;T.Yamamoto;K.Matsubara;Young-Min Kim;W.Jintanart;M.Okuyama;H.Mori;S.Chiba;Y.Sano;A.Kimura;Hironori Nagano;So Kobayashi;Saitoh Kumi;Kunii Motoyuki;Kishima Yuji;Suzuki Yasuyuki;Matsubara Kazuki
• 通讯作者: Matsubara Kazuki

Evolutionary significances of cryptic variation in the reaction norm of photoperiod sensitivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

水稻光周期敏感性反应规范中隐秘变异的进化意义（Oryza sativa L.）

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Euphytica (In press)
• 作者: Itoh;Y
• 通讯作者: Y

Evidence for an evolutionary force that prevents epigenetic silencing between tail-to-tail rice genes with a short spacer

证据表明存在一种进化力量，可以防止具有短间隔的尾对尾水稻基因之间的表观遗传沉默

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Gene 346
• 作者: H.Nakai;T.Ito;M.Hayashi;K.Kamiya;T.Yamamoto;K.Matsubara;Young-Min Kim;W.Jintanart;M.Okuyama;H.Mori;S.Chiba;Y.Sano;A.Kimura;Hironori Nagano;So Kobayashi
• 通讯作者: So Kobayashi

Transgressive segregation due to linked QTLs for grain characteristics of rice

• DOI: 10.1007/s10681-006-9085-8
• 发表时间: 2006-08
• 期刊: Euphytica
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: W. E. Hagiwara;K. Onishi;I. Takamure;Y. Sano