Studies on agronomic genes in rice.

水稻农艺基因研究。

• 批准号: 16380001
• 负责人: SANO Yoshio
• 金额: $ 9.98万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16380001/
• 关键词: Useful traits; Genetic diversification; Local adaptation; Nucleotide diversity; Introgression; Genealogy; Green revolution; Waxy gene; イネ; 食味関連遺伝子; 遺伝資源; 半矮性遺伝子

The objective of this study is to examine why genetic diversity, especially in agronomic traits, is maintained in crop species. To understand ongoing micro-evolutionary processes, genetic alterations in response to temperature (cold resistance), photoperiod (flowering time) and biotic environments (competition with weeds) were investigated in wild and cultivated rice. The adaptive mechanism in these traits was not well explained by a few major genes, suggesting that epistasis, genotype x environment (GE) interaction and linked genes were involved in addition to genes with a small additive effect. The results showed that the presence of epistasis and GE interaction play a significant role for the maintenance of genetic diversity in rice. Genetic diversity is also affected both by current patterns of micro-evolutionary forces, such as gene flow and selection, and by the phylogenetic history. Genealogies of agronomic genes provided insight into their history. Unexpectedly, "Green Revolution" gene (sd1) preexisted in the wild ancestor, showing that farmers have selected it to obtain a high yield in response to altered practices in agriculture. In contrast, in the case of C, A and wx genes, it was indicated that variants have generated from landraces through natural or artificial selection. These results lead us to consider that each of the genes has a unique history, which might reflect on different patterns of natural and/or artificial selection. It seems that farmers have mined the sd1 allele from the wild population and have maintained it in different landraces, while farmers have selected newly arisen mutations from landraces in the case of C, wx and A genes consciously or unconsciously. Therefore, landraces are also expected to preserve agronomically valuable genes, even if a reduction in nucleotide diversity was caused by the population bottleneck due to domestication.

这项研究的目的是研究为什么在作物物种中保持遗传多样性，特别是在农艺性状上。为了了解正在进行的微进化过程，研究了野生稻和栽培稻对温度(抗寒性)、光周期(开花时间)和生物环境(与杂草竞争)的遗传变化。这些性状的适应机制不能被几个主基因很好地解释，这表明除了加性效应较小的基因外，还涉及上位性、基因×环境互作和连锁基因。结果表明，上位性的存在和GE互作对水稻遗传多样性的维持起着重要作用。遗传多样性还受到当前微观进化力量模式的影响，如基因流动和选择，以及系统发育历史。农艺基因的谱系提供了对其历史的洞察。出乎意料的是，“绿色革命”基因(SD1)在野生祖先中就已经存在，这表明农民选择它是为了获得高产，以应对农业实践的变化。相比之下，在C、A和WX基因的情况下，有人指出，变异是通过自然或人工选择从地方品种产生的。这些结果使我们认为，每个基因都有一个独特的历史，这可能反映了不同的自然和/或人工选择模式。农民似乎从野生种群中挖掘了SD1等位基因，并在不同的地方品种中保持了它，而农民则有意无意地从地方品种中选择了新出现的突变，如C、WX和A基因。因此，地方品种也有望保存有农学价值的基因，即使驯化造成的种群瓶颈导致核苷酸多样性减少。

项目成果

Multiple forms of α-glucosidase in rice seeds (Oryza sativa L., var Nipponbare)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.09.014
• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Biochimie
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Hiroyuki Nakai;Tatsuya Ito;M. Hayashi;Koutarou Kamiya;Takeshi Yamamoto;K. Matsubara;Young-Min Kim;Wongchawalit Jintanart;M. Okuyama;H. Mori;S. Chiba;Y. Sano;A. Kimura

Genetics of reproductive isolation in crop species

作物物种生殖隔离的遗传学

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Recent Research Developments in Genetics & Breeding 1
• 作者: H.Nakai;T.Ito;M.Hayashi;K.Kamiya;T.Yamamoto;K.Matsubara;Young-Min Kim;W.Jintanart;M.Okuyama;H.Mori;S.Chiba;Y.Sano;A.Kimura;Hironori Nagano;So Kobayashi;Saitoh Kumi;Kunii Motoyuki;Kishima Yuji;Suzuki Yasuyuki;Matsubara Kazuki
• 通讯作者: Matsubara Kazuki

Evolutionary significances of cryptic variation in the reaction norm of photoperiod sensitivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

水稻光周期敏感性反应规范中隐秘变异的进化意义（Oryza sativa L.）

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Euphytica (In press)
• 作者: Itoh;Y
• 通讯作者: Y

Evidence for an evolutionary force that prevents epigenetic silencing between tail-to-tail rice genes with a short spacer

证据表明存在一种进化力量，可以防止具有短间隔的尾对尾水稻基因之间的表观遗传沉默

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Gene 346
• 作者: H.Nakai;T.Ito;M.Hayashi;K.Kamiya;T.Yamamoto;K.Matsubara;Young-Min Kim;W.Jintanart;M.Okuyama;H.Mori;S.Chiba;Y.Sano;A.Kimura;Hironori Nagano;So Kobayashi
• 通讯作者: So Kobayashi

Transgressive segregation due to linked QTLs for grain characteristics of rice

• DOI: 10.1007/s10681-006-9085-8
• 发表时间: 2006-08
• 期刊: Euphytica
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: W. E. Hagiwara;K. Onishi;I. Takamure;Y. Sano