The use of molecular information for plant breeding

分子信息在植物育种中的应用

• 批准号: 11556001
• 负责人: SANO Yoshio
• 金额: $ 8.58万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11556001/
• 关键词: Molecular information; Eating quality; Stability; Amylose; Wx gene; Mutation; Recombination

The objectives of the present study is to select and create new genes by means of molecular approaches in rice. Firstly, the experiments were carried out regarding the diversification of cis-acting elements of the Wx gene whose expressions have a role for eating quality. By comparing DNA sequences and recombination frequency, it was found that the region in the Wx gone is recombinationally active and it is possible to recombine different cis-acting elements which are present among rice cultivars. Secondly, the experiments were carried out to induce trans-acting mutant genes. The Wx gene expression is enhanced by cool temperatures during the grain-filling period, causing unfavorable eating quality of rice. A leaky wx mutant were used to screen temperature-insensitive mutations after EMS treatments since the increment of amylose was visually detected under low temperatures. A mutant line was proved by western blotting analysis to be temperature-insensitive regarding the Wx expression. The present results revealed that this mutant is useful for stable eating quality of rice. Since the transfer of the mutant into rice cultivars is not easy, it is suggested that mutation breeding of rice lines carrying the leaky phenotype could be more practical for its prompt use.

本研究的目的是通过分子生物学手段在水稻中选择和创造新的基因。首先，进行了关于Wx基因的顺式作用元件的多样化的实验，其表达对食用品质有作用。通过比较DNA序列和重组频率，发现Wx基因中的这一区域具有重组活性，有可能重组水稻品种中存在的不同顺式作用元件。其次，进行了反式作用突变基因的诱导实验。灌浆期低温会增强Wx基因的表达，导致水稻食味品质下降。由于在低温条件下直链淀粉含量的增加可以用肉眼观察到，因此利用wx渗漏突变体筛选EMS处理后的温度不敏感突变体。通过蛋白质印迹分析证明突变系对于Wx表达是温度不敏感的。本研究结果表明，该突变体对稳定稻米食味品质是有用的。由于该突变体不易转化到水稻品种中，因此，利用突变体进行突变育种，可以更快地利用该突变体。

项目成果

Le-Viet Dung: "Study on the response of dull endosperm 2-2, du2-2, to two Wx alleles in rice"Breeding Science. 50・3. 215-219 (2000)

Le-Viet Dung：“水稻迟钝胚乳 2-2、du2-2 对两个 Wx 等位基因的反应研究”《育种科学》50・3（2000 年）。

Thuyoshi Inukai: "Analysis of intragenic recombination at wx in ricev : correlation between the molecular and genetic maps within the locus"Genome. 43. 589-596 (2000)

Thuyoshi Inukai：“水稻 wx 基因内重组分析：基因座内分子图谱和遗传图谱之间的相关性”基因组。

Ichiho Mikami: "Effects of the two most common Wx alleles on different genetic backgrounds in rice."Plant Breeding. 119(6). 505-508 (2000)

Ichiho Mikami：“两种最常见的 Wx 等位基因对水稻不同遗传背景的影响。”植物育种。

Hironori Nagano: "Structural differences in the vicinity of the waxy locus among the Oryza species with the AA-genome : identification of variable regions"Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 100. 376-383 (2000)

Hironori Nagano：“具有 AA 基因组的稻种之间蜡状位点附近的结构差异：可变区域的识别”理论与应用遗传学。

Ichiho Mikami: "Altered tissue-specific expression at the Wx gene of the opaque mutants in rice."Euphytica. 105(2). 91-97 (1999)

Ichiho Mikami：“改变了水稻不透明突变体 Wx 基因的组织特异性表达。”Euphytica。