Study of the identificate manner of the mal and female, and the form the colony in Jungle crow

描述了丛林乌鸦在发声和声道形态上的性别差异。每个形成峰的频率在雄性中比雌性低，可能是因为雄性的气管比雌性长。然而，每个谐波的频率没有显著差异。决定谐波频率的鸣管结构在两性之间没有差别。雌虫的倒刺数明显少于雄虫（P<0.05）。雌鱼小枝钩叶长度明显大于雄鱼（P<0.01）。雌鼠小管间距离较雄鼠短（P< 0.01）。两性间小枝节段长度差异不显著（P=0.08）。雌性横切面小管黑色素颗粒密度低于雄性（P<0.01）。黑色素颗粒似乎只在雄性大脑皮层的内表面形成单层线。4月和5月，成年乌鸦的睾丸重量、卵巢重量和最大卵泡直径均较其他季节增加。幼鸦没有像成年乌鸦那样有大的睾丸和发育良好的卵泡的卵巢，因此它们似乎是性不成熟的。幼鸦在4月和5月也有升高的趋势。该地区10只丛林鸦和10只腐肉鸦的碱基序列数量相同。乌鸦之间的同源性高达91%，与鸦类的同源性也相当。丛林鸦、腐肉鸦和白嘴鸦的推导氨基酸同源性也很高。丛林鸦和腐肉鸦的d环长度分别为1355 ~ 1357 bp和1355 ~ 1359 bp。乌鸦之间的同源率约为98%，高于与frugilegus的同源率约87%。

Sexual differences in vocalization and morphology of the vocal tract of the Jungle crow were described. The frequencies of each formant were lower in males than in females, possibly because males had longer tracheas than female. However, there were no remarkable differences in the frequencies of each harmonic tone. The structure of the syrinx, that may determine the harmonic frequencies, did not differ between the sexes.The number of barbs of females were much less than those of males (P<0.05). The hook lets in the barbules of females were longer than those of males (P<0.01). The inter-barbules distance of females were shorter than those of males (P<0.0l). The length of segment in barbules, did not remarkably differ between both sexes (P=0.08). The density of melanin granules of cross-section barbules of females were lower than those of males (P<0.01). Melanin granules seemed to make the single layer line in the inner surface of the cortex only in males.In April and May, weight of the testes, weight of the ovaries and diameter of the largest follicle in adult crows were increased comparing with other seasons. No juvenile crows had the large testes or the ovaries with the well-developed follicles like adult crows, thus they seemed to be sexually immature. However, these values were increased on April and May also in juvenile crows.The number of base sequence in this region was the same all of ten Jungle and ten Carrion crows. The high homology was shown in between crows about 91%, it was also comparable result in compared with Corvesfrugilegus. The rate of homology of deduced amino acid among Jungle, Carrion crows and Rook was also highly rate. The other hand, the complete length of the D-loop ranged from 1355 to 1357 bp in Jungle crows and from 1355 to 1359 bp in Carrion crows. The rate of homology between crows was shown about 98%, it was higher than the result in compared with Corves frugilegus such as about 87%.