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Study how do birds reorganize fruits maturation.

研究鸟类如何重组果实成熟。

基本信息

批准号：
19208029
负责人：
SUGITA Shoei
金额：
$ 28.95万
依托单位：
Utsunomiya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2007 至 2009
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Birds start to bite the fruit when glucose contain was maxed and surface of fruit was getting soft. Some birds make an injury on the surface of fruit to make a softy. It was suggested that induce bird fruit bite was not only color and glucose content of fruit. We have investigated also possibility of smell sense of birds. The ratio of olfactory bulb to whole brain in crow and bulbul was very small. Both sides of olfactory bulb in the crow and bulbul were fused although those of many animals were independent. Therefore, the smell sense of birds may not be developed. Furthermore, avian vision properties were investigated. The population of ganglion cell of crow retina is more than 3,000,000 and there two high populations were in the retina. Density of ganglion cell was going low at the peripheral area of the retina. Oil droplets of the photoreceptor cell were found 5 types such as red, yellow, blue, green and transparent. Those were locating same proportion in the retina. Oil droplets of starling were found also five types and green or yellow-green types were predominant. t crow had high sensitivity in short wavelength. There were four types of opsin in crow's retina and one of them had high sensitivity in UV. Therefore, UV wavelength may be important for crow's vision and it suggested that bird have very high sensitive of color. We compared the characters of fruits chosen by birds. As a result, they may refer some light wavelength reflected from the surface of fruit without sugar content and hardness.

当葡萄糖含量达到最大值，水果表面变软时，鸟类开始咬水果。有些鸟在水果的表面上弄伤，使其柔软。由此可见，诱导鸟咬伤的不仅仅是果实的颜色和葡萄糖含量。我们还研究了鸟类嗅觉的可能性。嗅球占全脑的比例很小。虽然许多动物的嗅球是独立的，但乌鸦的嗅球和嗅球的两侧是融合的。因此，鸟类的嗅觉可能不发达。此外，还研究了鸟类的视觉特性。乌鸦视网膜的神经节细胞数量超过300万个，其中视网膜内有两个高数量。视网膜外周区神经节细胞密度降低。光感受器细胞的油滴有红、黄、蓝、绿、透明5种类型。它们在视网膜上的位置是一样的。椋鸟油滴也有5种类型，以绿色或黄绿色为主。T - crow在短波长具有较高的灵敏度。乌鸦视网膜有四种视蛋白，其中一种视蛋白对紫外线有高敏感性。因此，紫外线波长可能对乌鸦的视觉很重要，这表明鸟类对颜色有很高的敏感性。我们比较了鸟类选择果实的性状。因此，它们可以参考从不含糖和硬度的水果表面反射的某些光波长。