Searching for hotspots of biodiversity in rice fields and strategy for restoring rural environments -Which of rural environment factors is necessary for conservation and restoration in rice paddy ecosystems -

采用便捷的田野调查方法和精确GPS系统的GIS设计，在日本中部和四国地区的指定农村地区进行稻田生物多样性热点搜索，以保护和恢复农业生态系统。总结了三年研究的主要成果和讨论如下：(1)和(2)。1)稻田生物多样性热点定位及潜在生境图展示。以四国水生维管植物为例，从水文地理或气候倾向的环境因子出发，将各维管植物的实际生境划分为20个类群。潜力图上各物种适宜生境的分类为三种湿地拓扑生境类型；平原，丘陵和山谷。实际上，估计的栖息地是种植东印度莲的水田或小型灌溉池塘……更多的表明，小型栖息地是保护生物多样性更重要的拓扑因素。这些结果可能表明，某些农业实践必须决定农村地区的生物多样性水平。通过对中国中部地区农村地区RDB物种种群的调查，发现各种群对农业的依赖程度影响着拓扑因素或农业因素对生物多样性热点的影响。2)一个地区是否为生物多样性热点不仅与农村的农业实践密切相关；农药使用或土地整理，但与生物地理和农业因素相关的综合因素。今后的研究方向应重点分析生境细节因子与热点实际分布之间的相关性，绘制更精确的生物多样性热点潜力图，为稻田和农村环境生物多样性保护与恢复提供参考。少

With both facilitated methods of fields survey and GIS design used by precise GPS system, searching hotspots of biological diversity in rice fields was conducted in nominated rural area in Chugoku and Shikoku districts of Japan、 for conservation and restoration of agro-ecosystems. Main results and discussions during three years researches follows as 1) and 2).summed up.1) Locating hotspots of biodiversity in rice fields and its associated demonstration of potential habitat maps were carried out by each members of this research program. As one of examples analyzed in aquatic vascular plant of Shikoku, actual habitats of each vascular species could be classified twenty groups from environmental factors of hydro-geographical or climatological tendency. Sorted adequate habitats of each species on potential maps are three topological habitat types of wetlands; plain, hill and valley. Estimated habitats, actually, was paddy fields cropping east Indian lotus or small size of irrigation ponds, … More that suggested small habitats is more important topological factors for preservation of biodiversity.. These results might suggested some kinds of agricultural practices must determinate level of biodiversity in rural area. Whether topological factors or agricultural can determined hotspot of biodiversity is influenced by agricultural dependency of each population of RDB species, through our examinations of RDB species populations in rural fields of Chugoku districts2) Whether a regional area is hotspot or not could be suggested to be closely related not only agricultural practice in a rural area; pesticides use or land consolidation, but integrated factors associated with biogeographical and agricultural factors. It is, in the future research direction, necessary to make a focus on analyses of correlation between detail habitat factors and actual distribution of hotspots, for development of more precise potential map of biodiversity hotspot, which is useful to practice conservation and restoration of biodiversity in rice fields and rural environment. Less