A Molecular-epidemiological Study of Oral and Maxillofacial Anomalies among the residents in Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test site in Kazakhstan

从1949年到1989年，前苏联在哈萨克斯坦塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场进行了30次地面、88次大气和340次地下核武器和热核爆炸，导致当地高放射性沉降物，影响到塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场附近那些村庄的居民。根据各种估计，约有120万居民受到辐射。已就电离辐射对居住在南部非洲技术合作区周围的人口以及其他国家的居民的影响进行了几项流行病学和临床研究。在SNTS邻近地区受照人群中，辐射对口腔和颌面疾病易感性的影响仍不清楚。本研究的目的是调查核试验长期辐射暴露与CL易感性之间的可能关系。P在邻近SNTS地区的居民中。研究核试验辐射照射的影响 ...更多信息 对口腔颌面部畸形的CL？对716例新生儿进行回顾性分析，并与对照组进行比较。P患者（平均年龄：2.5;男性：397;女性：319）。1978年至1998年的21年期间，这些病人在塞米巴拉金斯克地区医院接受手术治疗。对这些病例进行了筛选，并研究了CL的发生率。P按性别和患者数量，包括CL的流行病学研究？}在患者居住的三个辐射风险区，每1000名新生儿中的P例数。研究了SNTS的三个辐射风险区，其有效辐射剂量如下。最大区有效剂量为2.0SV以上（3个农村地区），增高区有效剂量低于2.0SV，高于1.0SV（塞米巴拉金斯克市和6个农村地区）。最小区有效剂量低于0.07SV。CL回顾性研究的数据？} P组病例采用X^2检验，统计分析采用StatView5.0软件。1978 - 1998年最高值区每千名新生儿P异常为6.7，显著高于最高值区和最低值区每千名新生儿P异常分别为1.8和0.9。CL的比率？}本文研究了1978-1988年核试验期间和1989-1988年停止核试验后1000例新生儿的P异常率。在第一阶段，新生儿CL？P值在最高辐射危险区为9.1/1000活产，在高辐射危险区为1.9/1000活产。最大值区每千名新生儿P异常仍显著高于增高区，最大值区每千名新生儿P异常为4.1例，增高区每千名新生儿P异常为1.4例。CL的区别？P例每1000活产在最低区的风险之间的两个periods.In的结论，这项研究强烈表明，在暴露的村庄邻近SNTS的居民可能被认为是一个人口的高患病率的CL？} P.这种高风险可能是由长期辐射暴露造成的。少

From1949to1989,30surface,88atmospheric and340underground nuclear and thermonuclear explosions of nuclear weapons were carried out by former Soviet Union at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan that resulted in high local fallout affecting the residents in the villages adjacent to the SNTS. By various estimations, about1.2million inhabitants were exposed. Several epidemiological and clinical studies have been carried out regarding the effect of ionizing radiation on population residing around the SNTS as well as their counterparts in other countries. The radiation effect on predisposition of oral and maxillofacial disorders among the exposed people from the areas adjacent to the SNTS remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate a possible relationship between long-term radiation exposure by nuclear testing and predisposition of CL?}P among the residents from the regions adjacent to the SNTS. To study the effect of radiation exposure by nuclear testing … More on the oral and maxillofacial anomalies, a retrospective study of CL?}P anomalies among the newborns from SNTS and control areas was carried out.A retrospective study of 716 cases was carried out on CL?}P patients (Mean age:2.5; Males:397; Females:319). The patients had been under surgical care in the Semipalatinsk regional hospital during the 21 year period from 1978-1998. The cases were screened and studied for incidence of CL?}P by gender and patients number, including epidemiological studies of CL?}P cases per 1000 newborns in the three zones of radiation risk where the patients resided. Three zones of radiation risk from the SNTS with the following effective radiation doses were studied. The effective dose in the maximum zone was 2.0SV and higher (three rural regions) The effective dose in the heightened zone was lower than2.0SV and higher than 1.0SV (Semipalatinsk city and 6 rural regions). The effective dose in the minimum zone was lower than 0.07SV. The data from the retrospective study of CL?}P patients were analyzed by the X^2-test and performed with the StatView5.0statistical analysis program.An epidemiological study revealed that the rate of CL?}P anomalies in1000newborns in the maximum zone from1978-1998was6.7, which was significantly higher than those from the heightened and minimum zones with 1.8 and 0.9 per 1000 birth, respectively. The rate of CL?}P anomalies in 1000 newborns during the nuclear weapon testing period (1978-1988) and the rate of those after nuclear testing ceased (1989-1988) were studied. During the first period, the rate of newborns with CL?}P was9.1per1000live birth in the maximum zone of radiation risk and 1.9 per 1000 newborns in the heightened zone, and during the second period, the frequency of CL?}P anomalies in 1000 newborns in the maximum zone was still significantly higher than those in the heightened zone with 4.1 cases per 1000 newborns in the maximum zone and 1.4 cases per 1000 in the heightened zone. The difference of the CL?}P cases per 1000 live birth at the minimum zone of risk between the two periods was not significant.In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that the inhabitants in exposed villages adjacent to SNTS might be considered a population at risk for high prevalence of CL?}P. It is possible that this heightened risk resulted from long-term radiation exposure. Less