Molecular Epidemiological studu of Oral and Maxillofacial disorders among the residents of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Area

1949年至1989年，在塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场（SNTS）进行了30次地面、88次大气和340次地下核武器和热核爆炸。本研究的目的是探讨1949-1956年最有害的大气核武器试验时，重度暴露人群和对照人群（10岁以下）上颌面部区域的辐射效应。我们发现，在Sarzhal和Dolon村受辐射的筛查人群中，放射性沉降物暴露与因严重牙周炎导致的高频率牙齿脱落之间存在明显的密切联系。这项研究建议对重度暴露人群牙齿脱落的性质进行更详细的分子研究。在重度暴露村Sarzhal和Dolon的筛查居民中，在所有基因型多态性中观察到高平均缺失牙齿数量，统计学上不相关。重度暴露村Sarzhal和Dolon居民因严重牙周炎导致的高频率牙齿脱落可能与包括电离辐射在内的有害环境影响有关。因子A的显著性（p<0.001），表明萨尔扎尔、多隆和科克佩蒂地区人口的环境差异程度；暴露村和对照村居民相同的种族、口腔卫生、营养和吸烟习惯也支持这一结论。受辐射村Sarzhal和Dolon的居民可能被认为是由于辐射暴露导致牙齿脱落的高危人群，需要对他们进行进一步的后续研究。这项研究建议对SNTS周围地区牙齿疾病的性质进行更详细的分子研究。

From 1949 to 1989, 30 surface, 88 atmospheric and 340 underground nuclear and thermonuclear explosions of nuclear weapons were carried out at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). The aim of this study was to investigate the radiation effect to the maxillo-facial region in the heavily exposed and control population of similar ages (<10 years old) at the time of most harmful atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in 1949-1956. We have found an apparently strong association between radioactive fallout exposure and the high frequency of tooth loss due to severe periodontitis among the screened population from exposed villages Sarzhal and Dolon. This study suggests more detailed molecular research of the nature of tooth loss in the heavily exposed population. In the screened inhabitants from heavily exposed villages Sarzhal and Dolon the high average number of missing teeth was observed in all genotype polymorphisms and statistically were not associated. The high frequency of tooth loss due to severe periodontitis among the inhabitants from the heavily exposed villages Sarzhal and Dolon may be related to the harmful environmental influence, including ionizing radiation. The significance of factor A (p<0.001), which implies the degree of environmental differences in the population from Sarzhal, Dolon and Kokpekty ; the same ethnicity, oral hygiene, nutritional and smoking habit of the inhabitants from the exposed and control villages support this conclusion as well. Inhabitants from the exposed villages Sarzhal and Dolon might be considered as a population at risk for high frequency of tooth loss as a result of radiation exposure and further follow-up study is needed for them. This study suggests more detailed molecular research of the nature of dental disorders in the area surrounding the SNTS.