Study on Memories of War in Vietnam after Vietnam War

北越，国家在战争期间将历史作为动员民众支持的工具，通过将过去（小写的历史）作为英雄和最终胜利的反抗外国统治的斗争的叙述，并将未来作为共产主义乌托邦的愿景，通过不可阻挡的历史运作来实现，马克思主义风格。过去的时间和未来的时间，似乎都在北越这边，牢牢地控制着。当和平终于到来时，社会主义在世界范围内逐渐衰落。即使在越南，革命的一代仍然掌权，未来也必须重新考虑。当整个欧洲的其他社会主义政权都被推翻时，Doi Moi改革拯救了越南共产党领导层，使其免于与历史无关。但随着Doi Moi的出现，历史失去了它的大写字母h。如果革命的目的是改变未来，并以此改写过去，那么反革命也是如此。乌托邦的终结带走了让越南历史的特殊写作成为可能的终极目标。记忆是文化生产的一个重要方面，是国家急于控制的生产。在战争结束后的20年里，越南政府一直试图塑造集体记忆，一方面强调革命和抗美战之间的连续性，另一方面强调过去争取民族独立的斗争。1995年是西贡沦陷20周年（4月30日）、越南独立50周年（9月2日）和越南人民军建军50周年（12月19日），纪念产品、演讲和仪式层出不穷。越南的习俗是通过向一个男人的母亲致敬来纪念他。同样的道理，是母亲，而不是妻子，才是悲伤和记忆的文化载体。因此，在纪念活动的中心，是英雄母亲的脸，充满了对他们的行为的骄傲和对他们的损失的悲伤。因此，越南的战争纪念活动与西方大不相同。少

North Vietnamese, state had been usedhistory as an instrument for mobilizing popular support during war time Making history serve wartime purposes was achieved by writing the past (history in the lower case) as a narrative of heroic and ultimately triumphant struggle against foreigndomination and inscribing the future as a vision of communist utopia achieved through the inexorable workings of History with a capital H, Marxist-style. Both time past and time future, so it seemed, was on the North Vietnamese side and firmly under control.When peace finally came, socialism was on the wane worldwide. Even in Vietnam, where the revolutionary generation remained in power, the future had to be rethought. The Doi Moi reforms saved the Vietnamese communist leadership from historical irrelevance when other socialist regimes throughout Europe were being toppled. But with Doi Moi, History lost its capitalH. If revolutions aim to transform the future, and in so doing rewrite thepast, so do counterre … More volutions. The end of utopia has taken away the telos that had made possible a particular writin of Vietnamese history.Memory is an important aspect of cultural production, a production that the state is eager to control. In the two decades since the war ended, the Vietnamese state has tried shape collective memory to underline the continuity between the Revolution and the War Against the Americans, on the one hand, and past struggles for national independence, on the other. The year 1995, which marked the twentieth anniversary of the fall of Saigon (April 30) and the fiftieth anniversary of independence (September 2) and the founding of the Vietnamese People's Army (December 19), saw an outpouring of commemorative products, speeches, and rituals. It is customary in Vietnam to honor a man by paying one's respect to his mother. In the same sprit, it is the mother, rather than the wife, who is the cultural vector of grief and memory. At the center of commemoration, therefore, was the face of the mother of heroes, full of pride in their deeds and sorrow for their loss.War commemoration in Vietnam thus is quite different than in the West. Less