Study on Memories of War in Vietnam after Vietnam War

使历史服务于战争目的是通过将过去（小写的历史）写成英雄的叙述并最终战胜外国统治的斗争，并将未来作为共产主义乌托邦的愿景，通过历史的无情运作来实现，资本H，马克思主义风格。过去和未来似乎都在北越一方，并被牢牢地控制着。当和平最终到来时，社会主义在全世界范围内正在衰落。即使在革命一代仍然掌权的越南，也不得不重新思考未来。在欧洲其他社会主义政权被推翻的时候，革新使越南共产党的领导层免于被历史遗忘。但随着Doi Moi，历史失去了它的资本H。如果革命的目的是改变未来，从而改写过去，那么反革命也是如此。 关于我们 进化乌托邦的终结带走了使越南历史的特定写作成为可能的目的。记忆是文化生产的一个重要方面，一种国家渴望控制的生产。在战争结束后的20年里，越南政府试图塑造集体记忆，以强调革命和对美战争之间的连续性，以及过去争取民族独立的斗争。1995年是西贡沦陷20周年（4月30日）、独立50周年（9月2日）和越南人民军成立50周年（12月19日），纪念品、演讲和仪式层出不穷。在越南，向母亲致敬是对一个男人的荣誉。同样，是母亲，而不是妻子，才是悲伤和记忆的文化载体。因此，在纪念活动的中心，是英雄母亲的脸，充满了对他们的行为的骄傲和对他们的损失的悲痛。越南的战争纪念活动因此与西方截然不同。少

North Vietnamese, state had been usedhistory as an instrument for mobilizing popular support during war time Making history serve wartime purposes was achieved by writing the past (history in the lower case) as a narrative of heroic and ultimately triumphant struggle against foreigndomination and inscribing the future as a vision of communist utopia achieved through the inexorable workings of History with a capital H, Marxist-style. Both time past and time future, so it seemed, was on the North Vietnamese side and firmly under control.When peace finally came, socialism was on the wane worldwide. Even in Vietnam, where the revolutionary generation remained in power, the future had to be rethought. The Doi Moi reforms saved the Vietnamese communist leadership from historical irrelevance when other socialist regimes throughout Europe were being toppled. But with Doi Moi, History lost its capitalH. If revolutions aim to transform the future, and in so doing rewrite thepast, so do counterre … More volutions. The end of utopia has taken away the telos that had made possible a particular writin of Vietnamese history.Memory is an important aspect of cultural production, a production that the state is eager to control. In the two decades since the war ended, the Vietnamese state has tried shape collective memory to underline the continuity between the Revolution and the War Against the Americans, on the one hand, and past struggles for national independence, on the other. The year 1995, which marked the twentieth anniversary of the fall of Saigon (April 30) and the fiftieth anniversary of independence (September 2) and the founding of the Vietnamese People's Army (December 19), saw an outpouring of commemorative products, speeches, and rituals. It is customary in Vietnam to honor a man by paying one's respect to his mother. In the same sprit, it is the mother, rather than the wife, who is the cultural vector of grief and memory. At the center of commemoration, therefore, was the face of the mother of heroes, full of pride in their deeds and sorrow for their loss.War commemoration in Vietnam thus is quite different than in the West. Less