Study on Memories of War in Vietnam after Vietnam War

在越南北部，国家曾被用作在战争时期动员民众支持的工具，使历史为战争目的服务的实现方式是，将过去(小写历史)写成英勇的、最终胜利地抗击外国统治的斗争的叙事，并将未来写成共产主义乌托邦的愿景，通过以大写的H大写的马克思主义风格的历史实现。过去的时间和未来的时间似乎都在北越一边，并得到了牢牢的控制。当和平终于到来时，社会主义在世界范围内正在衰落。即使是在革命一代仍在掌权的越南，未来也必须重新考虑。当欧洲其他社会主义政权被推翻时，Doi Moi改革将越南共产党领导层从历史上无关紧要的状态中拯救了出来。但有了Doi Moi，历史失去了它的资本H。如果革命的目的是改变未来，并通过这样做来改写过去，那么Counter re…也是如此更多的变革。乌托邦的终结带走了使越南历史的一种特殊书写成为可能的目标。记忆是文化生产的一个重要方面，是国家渴望控制的生产。在战争结束后的20年里，越南政府试图塑造集体记忆，以强调革命和反美战争与过去争取国家独立的斗争之间的连续性。1995年是西贡沦陷20周年(4月30日)和独立50周年(9月2日)和越南人民军成立50周年(12月19日)，纪念产品、演讲和仪式层出不穷。在越南，向男人的母亲表达敬意是一种习俗。在同样的精神中，是母亲，而不是妻子，是悲伤和记忆的文化载体。因此，纪念活动的中心是英雄之母的脸，对他们的事迹感到自豪，对他们的损失感到悲痛。因此，越南的战争纪念活动与西方截然不同。较少

North Vietnamese, state had been usedhistory as an instrument for mobilizing popular support during war time Making history serve wartime purposes was achieved by writing the past (history in the lower case) as a narrative of heroic and ultimately triumphant struggle against foreigndomination and inscribing the future as a vision of communist utopia achieved through the inexorable workings of History with a capital H, Marxist-style. Both time past and time future, so it seemed, was on the North Vietnamese side and firmly under control.When peace finally came, socialism was on the wane worldwide. Even in Vietnam, where the revolutionary generation remained in power, the future had to be rethought. The Doi Moi reforms saved the Vietnamese communist leadership from historical irrelevance when other socialist regimes throughout Europe were being toppled. But with Doi Moi, History lost its capitalH. If revolutions aim to transform the future, and in so doing rewrite thepast, so do counterre … More volutions. The end of utopia has taken away the telos that had made possible a particular writin of Vietnamese history.Memory is an important aspect of cultural production, a production that the state is eager to control. In the two decades since the war ended, the Vietnamese state has tried shape collective memory to underline the continuity between the Revolution and the War Against the Americans, on the one hand, and past struggles for national independence, on the other. The year 1995, which marked the twentieth anniversary of the fall of Saigon (April 30) and the fiftieth anniversary of independence (September 2) and the founding of the Vietnamese People's Army (December 19), saw an outpouring of commemorative products, speeches, and rituals. It is customary in Vietnam to honor a man by paying one's respect to his mother. In the same sprit, it is the mother, rather than the wife, who is the cultural vector of grief and memory. At the center of commemoration, therefore, was the face of the mother of heroes, full of pride in their deeds and sorrow for their loss.War commemoration in Vietnam thus is quite different than in the West. Less