A Corpus-Based Study of English Synonyms and Usage

本研究以语料库为基础，对英语同义词及其用法进行了研究。（1）我们将能够分析英美参考文献中没有处理的表达，（2）我们将能够消除在小规模的被试测试中无法避免的母语被试的偏见，（3）分析本族语者对英语同义词的无意识区分;（4）从非本族语者的角度客观地澄清本族语者忽视的现象（5.2亿字），由哈珀柯林斯出版社提供，可通过互联网查阅。这使得我们能够分析甚至是不常见的同义表达，因为我们不得不放弃我们的尝试分析，因为从小语料库中提取的数量很少，也使得我们能够有效地分析数据，使用统计信息，如频率，t-score，MI-score，这是分析搭配所必需的。该报告包含以下十篇论文：（1）跌倒，（2）安静和沉默，（3）是否和如果，（4）如果A要做和如果A应该做，（5）行李和行李，（6）继续做，（7）沉重和艰难，（8）不仅A而且B，（9）他们每个人，（10）不做和不做。

This study is intended to do research on English synonyms and usage, based on corpora, by use of which it is possible to gain the following advantages : (1) we will become able to analyze expressions which are not treated in British and American references, (2) we will become able to neutralize native informants' bias which cannot be avoided in small-scale informant tests, (3) we will be able to analyze native speaker's unconscious differentiation of English synonyms, (4) we will become able to objectively clarify phenomena overlooked by native speakers of English, from the viewpoint of non-native speakers.This study adopted the largest corpus in the world, Bank of English (520 million words), which is provided by HarperCollins Publishers and is available through the Internet. This made it possible to make an analysis of even infrequent synonymous expressions we had been compelled to abandon our attempt to analyze because of the small number of extracts from small corpora, and also made it possible to analyze data effectively, employing statistical information, such as frequency, t-score, MI-score, which are essential for analysis of collocations.The report contains the following ten papers : (1) fall, (2) quiet and silent, (3) whether and if, (4) if A were to do and if A should do, (5) baggage and luggage, (6) keep (on) doing, (7) heavy and hard, (8) not only A but also B, (9) each of them, (10) not to do and to not do.