The Comparative Study for Social Capital of Traditional Rural Society in Japan and China

中日传统乡村社会社会资本比较研究

• 批准号: 16520497
• 负责人: SUGA Yutaka
• 金额: $ 2.44万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16520497/
• 关键词: Social Capital; Local Identity; Root Arts; Cultural Resources; Local Resources; 地域資源; 地域アイデンティティー; コモンズ; 正統性

First, this project extracted and examined a peculiar Social Capital which had carried organizations and human bonds in Japanese and Chinese traditional rural society For example, Management systems of communal activities, reliability human network, rules, and norm are especially important constituent elements of Social Capital Second, this project made a study on the process of formation of such Social Capital to compare Japanese society with Chinese society Finally, this project described the feature of mechanism which had been produced Social Capital on comparative studies of Japanese and Chinese rural society.When a large number of people make joint use of certain resource, they often become competitive toward one another. Resources can be beneficial to human beings, but people often have disputes and friction over how to acquire, maintain, and manage their For example, the questions of who should take the initiative, have priority rights, and have a say in the management and use of resources has always been a matter of great concern for people living dose to the resources. On such difficult situation, Social Capital had played an important role to resolve disputes and friction.To be concrete, traditionally, Japanese local society resolved or mitigated such conflicts and friction by developing a mechanism for the collective exploitation and management of resources. This mechanism is called Iriai that based on the Social Capital. It is a customary institutional arrangement in Japan under which inhabitants of a local community; who are entitled to share certain rights, collectively manage a designated area of forestland, grassland, or fishing grounds. On the other, Chinese local society resolved or mitigated such conflicts and friction by developing a Human network This Human network is called Guam that was produced by the Social Capital.

首先，本课题提取并考察了日本和中国传统乡村社会中承载着组织和人际纽带的一种特殊的社会资本，如社区活动的管理制度、可靠性人际网络、规则和规范等是社会资本的重要构成要素。本课题对这种社会资本的形成过程进行了研究，并将日本社会与中国社会进行了比较。最后，本课题通过对日本和中国农村社会的比较研究，描述了社会资本产生的机制特征，当大量的人共同利用某种资源时，他们往往会相互竞争。资源对人类是有益的，但人们在如何获取、维护和管理资源的问题上往往存在争议和摩擦。例如，谁在资源的管理和使用中拥有主动权、优先权和发言权，一直是生活在资源中的人们十分关注的问题。在这种困境下，社会资本在解决纠纷和摩擦中发挥了重要作用，具体而言，日本地方社会传统上通过发展集体开发和管理资源的机制来解决或缓解这种冲突和摩擦。这种机制被称为基于社会资本的入合。这是日本的一种习惯性制度安排，根据这种安排，当地社区的居民有权分享某些权利，集体管理指定区域的林地、草地或渔场。另一方面，中国地方社会通过发展人际网络来化解或缓解这些冲突和摩擦。这个人际网络就是社会资本所产生的关岛。

项目成果

中国でコモンズを考える理由

在中国考虑公地的原因

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Local Commons 第6号
• 作者: Zhou J;Liao M;Gong H;Xuan X;Fujisaki K;菅豊
• 通讯作者: 菅豊

The Potentials of Public Folklore. (in Japanese)

公共民间文学艺术的潜力。

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Suga;Yutaka
• 通讯作者: Yutaka

「あらそう人びと、っながる人びと-コモンズの歴史から見たアクターの異質性が生み出す困難さと可能性-」

“阿拉苏人，相互联系的人们——从公地历史中看到的行动者的异质性所创造的困难和可能性”

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Suga;Yutaka;菅豊
• 通讯作者: 菅豊

The Movement of Root Arts in China. (in Japanese)

中国的根艺运动。

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Suga;Yutaka
• 通讯作者: Yutaka

「地域の資源と正当性(レジティマシー)」

“区域资源和合法性”

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: Suga;Yutaka;菅豊
• 通讯作者: 菅豊