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A Study on the Decentralization of Educational Administration, the Autonomy in School Management and Democratic Control of the Public Education

教育行政分权、学校管理自主与公共教育民主管理研究

基本信息

批准号：
16530499
负责人：
NAKAJIMA Tetsuhiko
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The reforms of the educational administration and the school management which were developed from 1990s in our country are focused in this research project. The national government insists that the purpose of these reforms are to decentralize the education administration and establish the school-based management. But on the other hand, the government revised the Fundamental Law on Education and the Local Education Administration Act to strengthen the legal power of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to control the local boards of education, establish the assessment and evaluation system of each local board of education and school on the standard set by the national government. Although some observers pointed out that these law revisions are in conflict with the decentralization and school autonomy, the empowerment of the local government and school is not the true purpose of the decentralization and autonomy which are insisted by the government.The deregulation reforms are developed in the public education system in the same period. For example, the main legal standards of the school system are repealed or revised to enable the local government to reform its own school system and enable private profitable body to establish and manage the school. But the absence of the democratic discussion is found in the legislative process to enact the deregulation acts. The deregulation of the public education system is based on the undemocratic decision-making process, and the undemocratic decision-making is accelerated by the deregulation of the standard of public education system.The new Fundamental Law of Education provides that the national and local government should establish the master plan to enhance the education, but the implementation of this new system is behind schedule. The effect on the public education and its implication will be examined in the near future.

本课题的研究对象是我国20世纪90年代以来开展的教育行政改革和学校管理改革。国民政府坚持教育改革的目的是下放教育行政权力，建立以学校为本位的管理模式。但另一方面，政府修改了《教育基本法》和《地方教育行政法》，以加强文部科学大臣控制地方教育委员会的法律的权力，根据国家政府制定的标准建立每个地方教育委员会和学校的评估和评价制度。尽管有观察家指出这些法律修订与地方分权和学校自治相冲突，但地方政府和学校的赋权并不是政府坚持的地方分权和自治的真正目的，公共教育系统的放松管制改革是在同一时期发展起来的。例如，废除或修订学校制度的主要法律的标准，使地方政府能够改革自己的学校制度，并使私人盈利机构能够建立和管理学校。但是，在放松管制的立法过程中，民主讨论的缺失是显而易见的。公共教育制度的放松管制是以非民主决策过程为基础的，而公共教育制度标准的放松管制又加速了非民主决策过程。新的《教育基本法》规定，国家和地方政府应制定总体规划，以加强教育，但这一新制度的实施落后于计划。在不久的将来，将审查对公众教育的影响及其所涉问题。