Effects of host plant dioecy on leafminers and their parasitoids

寄主植物雌雄异体对潜叶蝇及其寄生蜂的影响

• 批准号: 16570017
• 负责人: SATO Hiroaki
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: Nara Women's University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16570017/
• 关键词: Eurya japonica; Coptotriche iaponiella; Tischieriidae; parasitoid community; early leaf abscission; hvnersensitive response; leafminer; dioecy; ギルド構造; 共存機構; 二次寄生; 内寄生; 外寄生; カテキン; ムモンハモグリガ; 過敏応答; 強制産卵; 産卵選好性; 初期死亡率; 落葉抑制; 未記載種; 開葉フェノロジ

We aimed to clarify the effects of sexual difference of Eurya japonica (Theaceae) in vegetative growth pattern and foliar nutritional and secondaty substance contents on the ecology of a leafminer (Coptotonche japoniella, Tischeriidae, Lepidoptera) and its parasitoid community. However, the difference in the density of C. japoniella between male and female plants was yearly variable, so that we failed to attain the original aim. Instead, we revealed the following things:1. C. japoniella oviposited exclusively on leaves over aged one year and scarcely on current-year leaves. Old leaves had smaller amount of nitrogen contents, lower ratio of nitrogen to carbon and larger amount of epigarocatechin than current-year leaves. When females of C. japoniella were compelled to lay eggs on current-year leaves, hatched larvae were soon enclosed by transformed cells of the leaf tissue. Thus, the adaptive significance that females scarcely oviposit on current-year leaves would be to avoid leaves with hypersensitive response to mines rather than leaves with poor nutritional quality.2. Leaves with leafmining larvae killed experimentally began to abscise earlier and more rapidly than leaves with living larvae. This suggests that C. japoniella larvae inhibit the host plant from abscising mined leaves early.3. The parasitoid assemblage assariated with C. japoniella was composed of 12 species. Of them, one was koinobiont, and the others were idiobiont. Coexisting mechanisms in this assemblage seemed to be a quite high rate of hyperparasitism by idiobionts to the dominant koinobiont and wide host ranges of idiobionts.4. On the basis of investigation of specimens preserved in Osaka Prefecture University and Hokkaido University and those collected in the field, four species of Tischeriidae were found to be new to science. Furthermore, a new tischeriid species from Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) was collected in Jawa Island, Indonesia, where no tischeriids had been recorded.

摘要研究了山茱萸（Eurya japonica，山茱萸科）营养生长方式和叶片营养物质及次生物质含量的性别差异对叶蝉（Coptotonche japoniella, Tischeriidae，鳞翅目）及其寄生蜂群落生态学的影响。然而，雄株和雌株的日本血吸虫密度差异呈年际变化，未能达到最初的目的。相反，我们揭示了以下事情：日本血吸虫只在一岁以上的叶片上产卵，很少在当年的叶片上产卵。与当年叶片相比，老叶的氮含量较低，氮碳比较低，表儿茶素含量较高。当日本血吸虫的雌性被迫在当年的叶片上产卵时，孵化出来的幼虫很快就被叶片组织的转化细胞包围起来。因此，雌虫很少在当年叶上产卵的适应意义在于避免对地雷过敏的叶片，而不是营养质量差的叶片。实验中，采叶幼虫死亡的叶片比采叶幼虫存活的叶片更早、更快地开始脱落。这说明日本血吸虫幼虫对寄主植物的剥落有较早的抑制作用。与日本血吸虫相关的寄生蜂群由12种组成。他们之中，一个是智障，其他的都是智障。在这个组合中共存的机制似乎是异种生物对显性异种生物的高寄生率和异种生物广泛的寄主范围。根据大阪府立大学和北海道大学保存的标本和野外采集的标本调查，发现了4种新物种。此外，在印度尼西亚爪哇岛还发现了一种新的栎属（壳斗科）石斛属植物。

项目成果

Inhibition of premature leaf abscission by a leafminer and its adaptive significance

潜叶蝇对叶片过早脱落的抑制及其适应性意义

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Environmental Entomology 36
• 作者: Masako Oishi;Hiroaki Sato
• 通讯作者: Hiroaki Sato

A leafminer inhibiting early leaf abscission

潜叶蝇抑制早期叶片脱落

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: Masako;Oishi;Hiroaki;Sato
• 通讯作者: Sato