Maternal Mental Hearth,Maternal Attachment and Mother child Interaction on During Pregnancy and the puerperium

近年来报告的虐待儿童现象的增加使人们非常关注从婴儿期开始的亲子关系状况。然而，从怀孕早期开始对母子关系进行一系列调查，并通过长期跟踪来解决与产后母子依恋问题的关联的情况很少见。据报告，作为该项目的一部分，有许多方法，包括一项关于与胎儿依恋相关的因素的研究--即孕妇对其胎儿的依恋。根据这项研究，母亲对胎儿的依恋并不直接受到自己和自己母亲之间的依恋的影响，而是间接地通过母亲的内部工作模式来决定她与他人的关系。此外，研究发现，在怀孕期间有强烈抑郁症状的母亲，以及对胎儿有相对困难的依恋感觉的母亲，被发现拒绝或支持…产后两年对孩子的负面情绪较多，容易与孩子在情感上产生问题。然而，无论是经济因素还是产科因素，都没有被认为是虐待或亲情障碍的严重风险因素。此外，对怀孕期间的母亲抑郁进行的连续跟踪显示，母亲在怀孕期间以及产后和产后的抑郁评分相当高。抑郁和母胎依恋之间的密切联系也从怀孕中期开始被注意到。因此，在这个项目中，从多个角度对母子依恋进行了调查，确定了涉及的许多因素。此外，这些研究还阐明了怀孕的这些因素是如何影响孩子两岁以后出现的母子依恋形成问题的。相信这些研究的结果将为未来关于减少虐待儿童的早期干预等问题的调查提供有价值的背景数据

A rise in child abuse reported in recent years has focused great concern on the state of parent-child relationships starting in early infancy. However, serial investigations into the mother-child relationship starting in early pregnancy and extending to address the association with issues in postpartum mother-child attachment through long-term follow-up are rare. A number of approaches have been reported as part of this project, including one study on the factors associated with fetal attachment-i.e., attachment of the pregnant mother to her fetus. According to the study, a mother's attachment to her fetus is not under direct influence of attachment between herself and her own mother, but indirectly via the mother's internal working model determining her relationship with others. Moreover, it was revealed that mothers with strong depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and mothers who find it relatively difficult feeling attachment towards her fetus were found to be rejective of or posse … More ss negative feelings towards their children at two years postpartum, prone to problems in emotional bonding with their children. However, neither economic nor obstetric factors were seen to constitute serious risk factors for abuse or disorders In bonding. Furthermore, serial follow-up of maternal depression from pregnancy revealed considerably high depression scores for mothers during pregnancy as well as in the postpartum and beyond. Close association between depression and mother-fetal attachment was also noted starting in the second trimester of pregnancy. As such, mother-fetal attachment was investigated from multilateral viewpoints in this project, identifying many of the factors involved. Additionally, the studies have clarified how such factors from pregnancy affect the problems with mother-child attachment formation appearing later on, when the child reaches 2 years of age.It is believed the findings from these studies will constitute valuable background data for future investigations into issues such as early intervention for child abuse Less