Observational study of Venus atmosphere dynamics

金星大气动力学观测研究

• 批准号: 17340147
• 负责人: NAKAMURA Masato
• 金额: $ 10.29万
• 依托单位: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17340147/
• 关键词: Venus; planetary atmosphere; ground-based observation; planetary exploration; 大気光

Planetary atmospheres were observed many times using large telescopes, such as the Subaru telescope at Hawaii, and new knowledge about composition and movement of the Venus atmosphere were acquired. Moreover, new observation equipment for planetary probes, such as an infrared detector array, was developed. Techniques to analyze imaging-spectral data of planetary atmospheres were studied, and applied to the data obtained so far. The data analysis system for the Japanese Venus atmosphere mission 'PLANET-C' or 'Venus Climate Orbiter' has been developed. More specifically, the following studies have been performed.(1) To study the photochemical reaction chain in the Venus atmosphere, the spatial distribution of HCl in the Venus stratosphere was observed using the IRTF telescope at Hawaii. The roloe of HCl as a catalyst reaction was constrained.(2) The thermal radiation from the cloud top of Venus was observed at middle infrared wavelengths using the Subaru Telescope and the IRTF telescope, and the temporal variation in the fine structures of the cloud top was detected for the first time. Information on the thermal convection in the cloud layer and the characteristics of planetary-scale waves were acquired.(3) Instruments onboard planetary probes need to have tolerance to the energetic radiation in space. A new infrared detector was developed and tested for such radiation environment.(4) The technique of deriving wind velocities from successive cloud images of high spatial resolution was studied for future ground-based observations or spacecraft missions. The wind determination accuracy of several meters per second, which is needed in meteorological study, was achieved.

使用大型望远镜，如夏威夷的斯巴鲁望远镜，对行星大气进行了多次观测，并获得了关于金星大气组成和运动的新知识。此外，还研制了新的行星探测器观测设备，如红外探测器阵列。研究了行星大气成像光谱数据的分析技术，并将其应用于目前获得的数据。日本金星大气任务“PLANET-C”或“金星气候轨道器”的数据分析系统已经开发。更具体地说，进行了以下研究。(1)为了研究金星大气中的光化学反应链，利用夏威夷的IRTF望远镜观测了金星平流层中HCl的空间分布。HCl作为催化剂的作用受到了限制。(2)利用斯巴鲁望远镜（Subaru Telescope）和IRTF望远镜（IRTF Telescope）对金星云顶的中红外波段热辐射进行观测，首次探测到金星云顶精细结构的时间变化。获得了有关云层热对流和行星尺度波特征的信息。(3)行星探测器上的仪器需要对空间高能辐射有一定的耐受能力。研制了一种新型红外探测器，并对其进行了测试。(4)研究了从高空间分辨率连续云图中获取风速的技术，以供未来地面观测或航天器任务使用。达到了气象研究所需的每秒数米的测风精度。

项目成果

Cloud system of Venus

金星云系统

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Hashimoto;G.L.;T.Imamura
• 通讯作者: T.Imamura

PLANET-C : Venus Climate Orbiter mission of Japan

PLANET-C：日本的金星气候轨道飞行器任务

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Planetary and Space Sciences 55
• 作者: Nakamura;et. al.
• 通讯作者: et. al.

Venus'surface and near-surface atmosphere observed by Galileo NIMS

伽利略NIMS观测到的金星表面和近地表大气

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: Hashimoto;G.L.
• 通讯作者: G.L.

O2 airglow from IRTF/CSHELL

来自 IRTF/CSHELL 的 O2 气辉

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Ohtsuki;et. al.
• 通讯作者: et. al.

Imaging spectroscopy of the Venus 1.27-micron O2 airglowwith ground-based telescopes

使用地面望远镜对金星 1.27 微米 O2 气辉进行成像光谱

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Ohtsuki;S.
• 通讯作者: S.