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Study of optimal foraging of diving seabirds with micro-time scale measurements of accceleration

利用加速度微时间尺度测量研究潜水海鸟的最佳觅食

基本信息

批准号：
17370007
负责人：
WATANUKI Yutaka
金额：
$ 6.85万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17370007/
关键词：
Animal behaviour Marine ecology Ecology IT Environmental change

项目摘要

Seabirds are known to dive deeper and longer than marine mammals after body mass is adjusted. Many laboratory studies have been carried out to understand the physiological and behavioural mechanisms of this high diving ability. Since its underwater foraging has to be achieved under limitation of with the limited amount of oxygen store, it is also a good material of the study of optimal foraging. Empirical study in the wild, however, has bee insufficient because of the difficulties collecting data of energetic cost and food intake. We measured detail of diving bahaviour and prey pursuit in deep diving seabirds in the wild to examine the cost and benefit of diving. Our specific aim is to understand the mechanism of high diving ability and prey intake when the birds face with the buoyancy and the drag in the water. To estimate biomechanical cost of wing or foot stroke, habitat utilization, and prey capture, we attached acceleration recording data-loggers and camera-loggers on back of alci … More ds and a penguin, and shags. 1) We proposed a hypothesis that shags balance the cost of increasing stroke rate and the benefit of the reduction of transit time by increasing swim speed. We found that 2) specialist divers (seabirds and marine mammals) decrease the frequency of stroke with the power function of body mass (0.3) presumably to keep a range of swim speed (2m/s), and 3) flying-diving seabirds, however, had higher and lower stroke frequency in the air and water, respectively, than expected; indicating a compensated stroke pattern suitable for flying and swimming. Further, we proposed new techniques to estimate 4) food intake during a each foraging bout by measuring wing stroke frequency at short time scale (<10min) during the flight period between diving bouts and 5) micro habitat use and prey pursuit by taking image data while foraging during bottom phase. To understand the effects of marine environmental change on fine scale adjustment of foraging behaviour, we studied diving and foraging behaviour of guillemots in the Bering Sea. We found that 1) guillemots changed dive depth and foraging water masses in relation to the change of thermocline and resulting vertical distribution of prey, 2) parents forage easily collected small prey, krill and 0-year-pollack for themselves but dove deep to capture large fish and 1+ Pollack to increase provisioning rate. Less

众所周知，在调整身体质量后，海鸟比海洋哺乳动物潜水更深、更长。为了了解这种高潜水能力的生理和行为机制，已经进行了许多实验室研究。由于它的水下觅食是在有限的储氧量的限制下实现的，因此它也是研究最佳觅食的良好材料。然而，由于难以收集能量成本和食物摄入量的数据，野外的实证研究还不够充分。我们测量了野外深潜海鸟的潜水行为和猎物追逐的细节，以检查潜水的成本和收益。我们的具体目的是了解鸟类在水中面对浮力和阻力时，高潜水能力和猎物摄取的机制。为了估算翅膀或脚部击打、栖息地利用和猎物捕获的生物力学成本，我们在alci…的背面安装了加速记录仪和相机记录仪。更多的DS和一只企鹅，还有性交。1)我们提出了一个假设，即SHAGS平衡了增加划水率的成本和通过提高游泳速度减少穿越时间的好处。我们发现，2)专业潜水员(海鸟和海洋哺乳动物)减少划水频率与体重(0.3)呈幂函数关系，可能是为了保持一定的游泳速度范围(2米/S)；3)飞行潜水海鸟在空中和水中的划水频率分别高于预期和低于预期，表明一种适合飞行和游泳的补偿式划水模式。此外，我们提出了一种新的技术来估计每一次觅食过程中的摄食量，方法是在跳水比赛之间的飞行期间测量短时间尺度(&lt；10min)的翅膀击打频率，以及5)通过在底部阶段觅食时获取图像数据来估计微型栖息地的利用和猎物追逐。为了了解海洋环境变化对觅食行为精细尺度调整的影响，我们研究了白令海游击动物的潜水和觅食行为。我们发现：1)鱼群的潜水深度和觅食水团与温跃层的变化以及由此产生的猎物的垂直分布有关；2)亲鱼很容易为自己捕获小型猎物、磷虾和0岁鳕鱼，但为了捕获大型鱼类而俯冲到深处；1+鳕鱼为了提高投放率而潜水。较少