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Adaptive significance of short-term hypothermia for energy saving in active endothermic animals

短期低温对活跃吸热动物节能的适应性意义

基本信息

批准号：
11640627
负责人：
WATANUKI Yutaka
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Endothermic seabirds have to save energy expenditure while they are diving or fasting during incubation spell. Body temperature (Tb) regulation through the change in blood circulation should be one of short-term physiological adaptation for energy saving among them. We measured body core temperature change in diving two alcids species (Rhinoceros Auklets and Thick-billed Murres) and in Black-tailed Gulls incubating various number of eggs (2-4). In 1999-2000 summer, we implanted the logger and collected Tb change from three Rhinoceros Auklets diving about 20 m depth. They decreased Tb about 4 C while they were making 20-30 min dive bouts. In 2000 summer, we implanted the logger and sampled abdominal body temperature and diving behavior from a single Brunnich's Guillemot at Ny-Alesund. The bird decreased average Tb by 4 C while it was making dive bouts by diving to 40 m for an hour. However, it increased Tb while it was descending possibly because it might make frequent wing beat against the buoyancy, then it kept constant Tb while it was staying at the bottom, then gradualy increased Tb while ascending. When it reached the seasurface, it decreased Tb quickly. This pattern was unexpected and needs a further research. In 1999 summer, we measured Tb and egg temperatures in Black-tailed Gulls while they were incubating 2-4 eggs. They did not increase Tb hence had lower egg temperature when they incubated 4-egg clutches than they incubated 2-egg normal clutches.

吸热海鸟在孵化期潜水或禁食时必须节省能量消耗。通过血液循环的变化来调节体温（Tb）应该是其中一种短期的节能生理适应。本研究测量了两种海雀（Rhinoceros Auklets和Thick-billed Murres）在潜水时和黑尾鸥孵化不同数量卵（2-4个）时的体温变化。在1999-2000年夏季，我们植入记录仪，并收集了三个犀牛Auklets潜水约20米深的Tb变化。当他们进行20-30分钟的潜水比赛时，他们降低了大约4 ℃的Tb。在2000年夏天，我们植入记录器和采样腹部体温和潜水行为从一个单一的布伦尼克的海鸠在新奥勒松。在40米深潜水一小时的情况下，该鸟的平均体温下降了4摄氏度。但在下降过程中，可能是由于它会使翅膀频繁地拍打浮力而使Tb增大，然后在底部停留时Tb保持不变，然后在上升过程中Tb逐渐增大。当它到达海面时，它迅速降低Tb。这种模式是出乎意料的，需要进一步研究。1999年夏季，我们对黑尾鸥孵化2-4枚卵时的Tb和卵温进行了测定。他们没有增加结核病，因此有较低的蛋温度时，他们孵化4蛋离合器比他们孵化2蛋正常离合器。