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Analysis of adaptive mechanism in crops against desertification using NMR technique.

利用核磁共振技术分析作物抗荒漠化的适应机制。

基本信息

批准号：
17380013
负责人：
IWAYA Mari
金额：
$ 10.24万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17380013/
关键词：
Dynamic states of water drought resistance seed cowpea NMR relaxation time ABA (Abscisic acid)stomata ABA 蒸散速度水蒸気コンダクタンス砂漠化トレハロース

项目摘要

The problems of desertification cause imbalance in the ecosystem, resulting in a large decrease of water which could be used for crop production. Cowpea are major crops in the semi-arid zone of the Sahel. In this research the relationship between NMR relaxation times, photosynthetic parameters and expression of abscisic acid (ABA) related genes in cowpea plants induced by drought stress.When cowpea and other pea plant were subjected to water stress, transpiration rate and vapor diffusion conductance of cowpea leaves were reduced at significantly high rate in short time after the stress treatment. The observation indicates that cowpea lessened its water loss via transpiration by so quickly responsiveness to drought stress. In the contrast to the parameters of photosynthesis, water content and ^1H-NMR relaxation times (T_1,T_2) representing water molecule status in cowpea leaves were retained or gradually increased while cowpea was subjected to drought stress. In the next, we focused on gene expression profiles of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) which are both key enzymes for synthesis of ABA. When cowpea and soybean were subjected to drought stress, induction of NCED mRNA was observed in cowpea roots 6 days earlier compared with that of soybean roots and ZEP is induced only in cowpea roots. Based on these results, it is suggested that ZEP and NCED are induced in cowpea roots under drought stress, and then increase of ABA levels leads to rapid stomatal closure, resulting in effective protection from water loss in its leaves (Iwaya-Inoue et al. 2006;Imamura et al. 2007,Proceedings). It was also studied that the mechanism of blue light-dependent stomatal opening which facilitates leaf wilting in crop plants (Takemiya et al. 2005,2006). Furthermore, drought tolerance in seeds as the most resistant organ was also investigated (Funaba et al. 2006,Ishibashi and Iwaya-Inoue 2006).

荒漠化问题造成生态系统失衡，导致可用于作物生产的水大量减少。豇豆是萨赫勒半干旱地区的主要作物。研究了干旱胁迫下豇豆叶片的核磁共振弛豫时间、光合参数与脱落酸（阿坝）相关基因表达的关系，结果表明，干旱胁迫下豇豆叶片的蒸腾速率和水蒸气扩散导度在短时间内显著降低。这说明豇豆对干旱胁迫的快速响应减少了蒸腾失水。与光合作用参数相比，干旱胁迫下豇豆叶片含水量和表征水分子状态的~ 1H-NMR弛豫时间（T1、T2）保持不变或逐渐增加。接下来，我们对阿坝合成的关键酶9-顺式环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶（NCED）和玉米黄质环氧酶（ZEP）的基因表达谱进行了研究。豇豆和大豆在干旱胁迫下，NCED mRNA在豇豆根中的表达比大豆早6 d，ZEP仅在豇豆根中表达。基于这些结果，表明在干旱胁迫下在豇豆根中诱导ZEP和NCED，然后阿坝水平的增加导致气孔快速关闭，从而有效地保护其叶片免受水分损失（Iwaya-Inoue等人，2006;Imamura等人，2007，Proceedings）。另外，还研究了蓝光依赖的气孔开放促进作物叶片萎蔫的机制（Takemiya et al.2005，2006）。此外，还研究了种子作为最具抗性器官的耐旱性（Funaba et al.2006，Ishibashi and Iwaya-Inoue 2006）。