THE MADNESS OF URBAN INHABITANTS IN VICTORIAN LITERATURE ; ASTUDY OF ITS SOCIAL ANT)PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXTS

本研究的主要来源是维多利亚时代的文学作品，主要关注维多利亚时代英国城市居民中观察到的疯狂方面，从而试图确定疯子行为的原则，并阐明特定社会背景与其中个人心理之间的关系。第一部分讨论狄更斯作品中的疯狂概念。在他对疯癫及其成因的描述中，实际上并没有在出生和教养之间做出非此即彼的选择。这一部分有两篇文章作为讨论狄更斯疯狂概念的分支。一个是研究自杀作为一种疯狂的行为来反对上帝，上帝按照自己的形象创造了人，另一个是对欺凌的检查——一种疯狂的现象，可以被描述为通过压迫的转移来维持/平衡。第二部分主要分析吉辛的一些作品和狄更斯的《远大前程》。吉辛和他的导师狄更斯一样，描绘了维多利亚时代晚期的人们，他们在工业革命后失去了封建主义的归属感，由于城市空间造成的疏离感而陷入身份危机。第三部分认为，鬼魂可以被解释为人物自己的疯狂或困惑的身份感的主观投射。本文主要分析了亨利·詹姆斯的《拧螺丝》和狄更斯的《远大前程》中的疯癫与鬼魂，并着重分析了童年的表现。此外，这一部分还包括两本维多利亚时代的日文鬼故事：约瑟夫·谢里丹·勒·法努的《安吉尔街骚乱记》（1853）和玛丽·伊丽莎白·布莱登的《在克莱顿修道院》（1871）。

This research, whose primary sources are Victorian literary works, focuses on aspects of madness observed among urban inhabitants in Victorian England, thereby attempting to ascertain the principle of madmen's behavior and to clarify the correlation between a given social context and the psychology of an individual in it.Part one discusses notions of madness in the works of Dickens. There is actually no either-or choice between birth and breeding in his description of madness and its causes. This part has a pair of articles as offshoots from the discussion of Dickens's notions of madness. One is a study of suicide as an act of madness against God that created man in his own image, and the other is an examination of bullying - a phenomenon of madness that may be described as the maintenance of / equilibrium by the transfer of oppression.Part two targets at some of Gissing's works and Dickens's Great Expectations. Gissing, like his mentor Dickens, portrays those in the late Victorian era who lost their feudalistic sense of belonging after the Industrial Revolution and fell into a crisis of identity owing to a sense of alienation created by urban space.Part three argues that a ghost can be interpreted as the subjective projection of a character's own madness or troubled sense of identity. Here, madness and ghosts in Henry James's The Turn of the Screw and Dickens's Great Expectations are analyzed with special reference to the presentation of childhood. And besides, this part includes a pair of Victorian ghost stories put into Japanese: Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu's "An Account of Some Disturbances in Aungier Street' (1853) and Mary Elizabeth Braddon's "At Chrighton Abbey"(1871).