Action research on the learning environment for immigrant children : from a triangulation perspective : a collaboration among public schools, universities, and local communities

该项目的主要协调员Chihiro Tsuchiya和该项目的成员Hiromi Saito进行了一项关于改善移民儿童环境的研究，重点是在日本两个外国居民社区的小学。这个项目是由公立学校、大学和社区三个团体合作完成的。该项目的参与者是位于丰田市的西井公立小学（50%的学生来自巴西）和横滨的一秋公立小学（50%的学生是移民，其中很多是印度支那难民和中国海归的孩子）的学生。前者由土屋负责，后者由斋藤负责。有三个关键的发现。我们结合实际的教育情况，掌握了公立学校与移民教育的关系。我们开始通过合作重新考虑教育系统……更多的国家和鼓励小学教师、研究人员和训练有素的教育支持者教孩子。此外，我们还可以参与当地学校管理决策的讨论，提出我们在日语教育活动中获得的建议和理论观点。例如，向前往西荷美小学的移民学生分发了一份调查问卷，以了解他们在家乡所说的语言。此外，本文还提出了宜春小学的工作坊主题。基于Kaneko（1992）倡导的网络理论，我们以具有不同环境背景的学生为重点，以土屋、西本美小学和本美当地社区为中心，创建了网络系统。在接受移民时，学校似乎有必要改进课程、管理和文化。因此，本计划所建立的网络系统，是移民学生教育发展的典范。少

Chihiro Tsuchiya, a major coordinator of this project, and Hiromi Saito, a member of this project, conducted a research study on improving environments for immigrant children, focusing on elementary schools in two of the foreign resident-communities in Japan. This project was done by a collaboration of three groups, public schools, universities, and communities. Participants of this project were students of Nishi-Homi public elementary school (50 percent of the students are from Brazil) located in Toyoda city and of Ichoo public elementary school (50 percent of the students are immigrants, many of them are refugees from Indochina and children of the returnees from China) in Yokohama. The former was taken care of by Tsuchiya and the latter was by Saito.There are three crucial findings.1.We were able to grasp what was going on in public schools in relation to the immigrant education, joining actual educational situations.2.We started to re-consider the educational system through collabor … More ation and the encouragement among elementary school instructors, researchers, and trained educational supporters teaching children. Moreover, we could join discussion for decision-making on the local school management, offering suggestions and theoretical views obtained through our activities in Japanese language-education. A questionnaire, for example, was distributed to immigrant students going to Nishi-Homi elementary school to discover languages spoken at home. Moreover, workshop topics of Ichoo elementary school have been suggested.3.We created the networking system centering on a collaboration of Tsuchiya, Nishi-Homi elementary school, and Homi local community based on the networking theory advocated by Kaneko (1992) with a field work focusing on students having a variety of environmental backgrounds. It appeared necessary for schools to improve their curriculum, management and culture when accepting immigrants.Thus, the networking system created by this project has been a good example of educational development for immigrant students. Less