Changes of International Aszistance Policy toward Post-conflict society and Japan

在后冷战时代，西方大国和国际组织参与和干预了许多国家和地区冲突的和平缔造与和平建设进程。在本研究中，笔者考察了国际社会对战后社会的援助政策以及日本的援助政策。他指出了大国各种干预的意义和问题。具体地说，可以拿前南斯拉夫的波斯尼亚和科索沃冲突以及2001年9月11日恐怖事件后的阿富汗和伊拉克战争为例。在塞尔维亚军队对种族灭绝进行人道主义干预的背景下，这种干预是合理的。2001年，美国称反阿富汗的恐怖战争作为一种新的战争，并干预了国家建设进程。至于日本，政府从一开始就表示愿意参与美国发起的这一进程。在这些战争中，国防军是作为一种后备援助而被派遣的，援助政策当然应该是针对冲突后社会本身的。然而，在上述每一种情况下，第一优先似乎都是为了干预国和国际组织的利益。在日本，可以说政府首先考虑到与美国的关系，不考虑目标国的情况和需要而派遣了NDF。国际社会迫切需要构建一个新的冲突后社会国际援助政策框架或范式。

In the post-cold war era the western powers and international organizations have engaged and intervened in the peace making and peace building process of many national and regional conflicts. In this research the author examined the international assistance policy toward the post-conflict society and Japanese assistance policy as well. He pointed out the meanings and problems of various interventions by big powers. Concretely, be took examples of Bosnian and Kosovo conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, moreover Afghanistan and Iraq wars after the terror of 11 September 2001.In the case of Kosovo, the intervention was justified in the context of the humanitarian intervention against the ethnic genocide by the Serbian army.In 2001 the United States called the anti-terror war in Afghanistan as a new kind of war and intervened in the nation-building process. As for Japan, from the beginning the government showed the will to take part in this process initiated by the United States. The National Defense Force (NDF) was dispatched in these wars as a roll of rear guard assistance.It is without saying that the assistance policy should be for the very post-conflict society itself. However, in every case of the mentioned above, the first priority seems to be set in the interests of intervener countries and international organizations. In the case of Japan, it may be said the government considered firstly the relationship with the United States and dispatched the NDF irrespective of the situation and needs of the targeted countries.It is urgently demanded that the international society should construct a new framework or paradigm of the international assistance policy toward the post conflict society.