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Temporal Changes of Inequality and Structure in Status Attainment

不平等和地位获得结构的时间变化

基本信息

批准号：
17530386
负责人：
KANOMATA Nobuo
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Keio University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The major fruit of this research is having shown a new approach to social stratification and social mobility. There was the problem in the existing researches which could not measure correctly temporal changes of effects of family background and education on occupational status. The life-course mobility approach and its statistical model, postulating temporal changes of family background, education and career mobility according to the entry time point of first job and the time passed as work experience after entry, were shown in order to solve this problem. That is, this approach measures temporal changes of effects of family background and education according to individuals' life-course. As a result of analyzing for the SSM survey conducted from 1955 to 2005 in Japan according to this approach, the influences of family background and education have changed along with the entry year and the subsequent work experience years. On the other hand, the influence on current occupational status of first job was far strong, and its change pattern according to work experience years was constant. These results suggest that educational meritocracy has permeated and that the influence of career mobility to the current status is strong.On the other hand, income differential has enlarged by the increase of non-regular employment and no-job elderly household and inequality in educational attainment has been constant.These inconsistent results on Japan, i.e. constant educational attainment and changing occupational and income attainment, should be examined comprehensively.

这项研究的主要成果是展示了社会分层和社会流动的新方法。现有研究存在不能正确测量家庭背景和教育程度对职业地位影响的时间变化的问题。为了解决这一问题，提出了基于第一份工作的进入时间点和进入工作经历后的时间流逝来假设家庭背景、教育程度和职业流动性的时间变化的生命历程流动性方法及其统计模型。也就是说，这种方法是根据个体的生命历程来衡量家庭背景和教育影响的时间变化。根据该方法对1955年至2005年在日本进行的SSM调查进行分析，家庭背景和教育的影响随着入职年份和随后的工作经验年份而变化。另一方面，第一份工作对当前职业状态的影响非常强，其随工作经验年限的变化规律是恒定的。这些结果表明，教育精英主义已经渗透，职业流动性对现状的影响很大。另一方面，收入差距随着非正规就业和无业老人家庭的增加而扩大，教育程度的不平等一直存在。日本的这些不一致的结果，即教育程度不变，职业和收入水平变化，应该全面审查。