The Imported University-Industry Technology Transfer Scheme from the U.S. and its Adjustment to Japanese Universities

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Mitigation of regulations concerning intellectual property and intermediary organizations for university-industry technology transfer (UITT) are the primary features of the American model of UITT. The policies of the Japanese government that encouraged the adaptation of the American model in the 1990's emphasized UITT in the form of patents but did not necessary place importance on the transfer of knowledge concerning know-how or on inter-personnel interaction, in spite of the fact that the principal issue concerning reform in America was the revitalization of information exchange via liaison activities.It has become clear that it was the large universities that actively applied UITT policy that emphasized patent management, whereas the small universities prioritized interaction with regional industries. The differences in attitudes toward the adaptation of the American model are influenced by financial status, size of the research organization, level of past experience with UITT, and … More the technological capabilities of regional industries. In other words, one may consider this the result of the diverse strategies adopted by each university in response to the various conditions that affected them.The differences between small and large universities was even more distinct in Canada, where, in contrast to the large universities which exist as the birthplaces of a multiplicity of university-originated ventures, small universities demonstrated a much stronger and more exclusive interest in enhancing the consciousness of their faculty and interacting with regional industries. The fact that designated leaders had long retained powers that were highly influential in directing the design of internal systems sheds further light on strategic differences.This research is distinguished by its focus on the development of university technology transfer units from a strategic management perspective. For this reason, a great diversity is recognized between institutions as regards their respective organizational structures and methods of UITT. Less