Governance and Finance in Chinese Universities-Emerging Chinese Model-

进入世纪以来，中国高等教育在国家的强力控制下，基本上依靠学费收入和私人资金来源获得了巨大的发展和扩张。本文试图通过对我国高等学校财务结构的分析，揭示我国高等学校财务结构的变化。通过对政府重要政策声明文本的分析和对几所著名大学负责人的采访，调查结果可以概括如下：中国国立大学为应对经济和社会快速发展带来的挑战，形成了独特的治理和财政结构。即使它们是法律的意义上的“国家”，但其扩展主要取决于通过市场活动增加学费收入和其他收入。这种结构为教师创造了一套强有力的激励机制。各部门也受到教育服务销售收入的推动。另一方面，大学的治理仍然处于国家政府的强力控制之下，这种结构存在着严重的矛盾。学术界和学术机构的一些行为因其背叛学术界形象的行为而受到社会批评。在这些批评的压力下，中央政府最近发表了一些政策声明，明确表示政府不会允许过度。然而，鉴于最近的事态发展完全是由市场力量推动的，这种声明实际上是否会导致重大变化仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。从这个意义上说，中国高等教育正在形成一种在国际比较中独具特色的治理结构和财政结构。

Since the turn of the century, Chinese higher education experienced a tremendous growth and expansion basically depending on tuition revenues and private sources of funding, while still under the strong control by the national Control. This study tried to reveal the changes in financial structure of higher education institutions, through. analyses of the texts of significant government policy statement and interviews with officials in a few prominent universities.Findings from the survey can be summarized as below: Chinese national universities have developed a unique structure of governance and finance in order to respond to the challenges created by the rapid economic and social development. Even through they are “national" in the legal sense, the expansion was critically dependent on the increase in tuition revenues and other incomes through market activities. This structure created a set of strong incentive systems for the faculty members. Departments are also driven by the revenues from their sales in educational services. On the other hand, the governance of the universities remain under the strong control of the national government.This structure involves serious contradictions. Some of the behaviors of the academics and the institutions have been the subject of social criticisms for their behavior betraying the image of academia. Pressed by those criticisms, the national government has recently issued a few policy statement making it clear that the government would not allow excesses. Nevertheless, to the extent that the recent development has been driven by the sheer force of market, it remains an open question that such statements would in fact lead to significant changes. In these sense, Chinese higher education is developing a structure of governance and finance with is a unique model in international comparison.