Environmental economic analysis of the large scale biofuels production : an application of MSIASEM

许多研究人员声称，大规模生产生物燃料是一种可取的、可行的化石燃料替代品。这项研究基于对社会和生态系统新陈代谢的多尺度综合分析，考察了大规模生物燃料生产对发达社会是否可行或可取。在简要介绍了本研究的研究对象之后，首先使用了两个隐喻来解释为什么生物质能源在工业革命期间被抛弃：(1)社会新陈代谢的流动的回收(增加生态兼容性)和线性化(增加经济竞争力)之间的阴阳紧张关系：(2)被视为人体心脏的社会的能源部门。打个比方说，一个可供选择的存活心脏必须提供身体其他部位在数量和质量上所期望的血液供应。结论是，对于一个发达社会来说，并不是所有可以燃烧的东西都应被视为理想的燃料，并为这种评价提供了一个框架。然后，我们对生物燃料作为石油替代品的选择进行了批判性评估。提供给社会的每单位生物燃料对劳动力和土地的高需求使得这一选择与发达国家的典型新陈代谢模式不相容。在生态兼容性方面，化石能源使人类历史上第一次有可能在汇方面(大气中二氧化碳的积累)而不是在供应方面(对营养循环期间太阳能转换的生态过程的结构性破坏)产生问题。就人类必须找到化石能源的替代品这一事实达成一致，并不意味着这种替代品应该是生物燃料。

Many researchers claim that large scale biofuels production is a desirable and viable alternative to fossil fuels. This research examines whether or not large scale biofuels production is either feasible or desirable for developed society based on multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism. After providing a brief introduction to the subject matter to be investigated in this research, two metaphors are used to explain why biomass energy was abandoned during the industrial revolution in the first place: (1) the Yin-Yang tension between recycling(to increase ecological compatibility)and linearization(to increase economic competitiveness)of the flows metabolized by society: (2) the energy sector of a society seen like the heart for the human body. Metaphorically speaking, an alternative viable heart must deliver the supply of blood which is expected by the rest of the body both in terms of quantity and quality. It is concluded that for a developed society not everything that can be burned should be considered as a desirable fuel and provides a framework for such an evaluation. Then we provide a critical appraisal of the option biofuels as an alternative to oil The high labor and land demand per net unit of biofuel delivered to society makes this option not compatible with the typical patterns of metabolism found in developed societies. In relation to ecological compatibility, fossil energy made it possible for the first time in the history of humankind to generate problems on the sink side (accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere) rather than on the supply side (structural damage to the ecological processes of conversions of solar energy over cycles of nutrients). Agreeing on the fact that humans must find a substitute for fossil energy does not entail that this substitute should be biofuels.