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Morphological Study on Three-dimensional Gap between Buildings in Urban Space

城市空间建筑三维缝隙形态研究

基本信息

批准号：
18560617
负责人：
OIKAWA Kiyoaki
金额：
$ 1.5万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18560617/
关键词：
Gap between Buildings Building Location Morphology Three-dimensional Sphere Sweeping Method Closing Digital Image Processing Densely Built-up Area 球掃過密集

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to propose a method of quantification of the gap between buildings, which is one of features in Japanese urban space, and to clarify the characteristics of volume, area and distribution pattern of these gaps.The three-dimensional gap was defined as volume where a sphere of radius r cannot sweep through on a three-dimensional building location map. The diameter of the sphere stands for the width of a gap. To extract the gap-volume operations in image-processing method called erosion and dilation were applied and developed. That is, after digital imaging of a three-dimensional building location map, building volume were dilated in terms of a digital figure corresponding to a sphere of rand then eroded. This procedure is equivalent to a dosing operation in morphology and enabled the extracting gaps. We call this method "Sphere Sweeping Method".The following results were obtained by applying this method to the building location of Kyoto city.1) The ratio of gap projected to horizontal area (gross area ratios) at three different widths of gap is 0.4% at 1.5m width, 1.2% at 2.5m, and 2.2% at 3.5m.2) The gap ratios and index of density (building density, perimeter-ratio, building coverage) are con-elated.3) The ratio of three-dimensional gap to the whole volume of buildings at three different widths of gap is 1.5% at 1.5m width, 4.1% at 2.5m, and 7.0% at 3.5m. Therefore the quantity of gap cannot be neglected in urban area.

本研究的目的是提出一种量化日本城市空间特征之一的建筑间隙的方法，并阐明这些间隙的体积、面积和分布格局特征。三维间隙被定义为在三维建筑位置图上半径为r的球体无法扫过的体积。球体的直径代表空隙的宽度。为了提取图像处理中的间隙-体积运算，应用并发展了侵蚀和膨胀方法。即对三维建筑位置图进行数字成像后，将建筑体量以数字图形的形式展开，对应一个球体，然后进行侵蚀。该程序相当于形态学上的加药操作，并使提取间隙成为可能。我们称这种方法为“球面清扫法”。将该方法应用于京都市建筑选址，得到如下结果：1)三种不同间距宽度下的间距与水平面积的比值（总面积比）分别为：1.5m时为0.4%，2.5m时为1.2%，3.5m时为2.2%。2)将间距比与密度指数（建筑密度、周长比、建筑覆盖率）联系起来。3)三种不同间距宽度下，立体间距占建筑整体体积的比例分别为1.5m时为1.5%，2.5m时为4.1%，3.5m时为7.0%。因此，城市地区差距的数量不容忽视。