A diachronic study of the characteristics of precincts of shrines and temples in urban area from viewpoint of form, function and cognition

本研究旨在从形态、功能和认知的角度，厘清神社寺庙在城市地区的分布特征，考察江户时代至今的神社寺庙历史，并通过对东京调查结果的分析，阐明神社寺庙的行为类型和停留时间。我们还考察了神社和寺庙之间的认知差异，分析了神社和寺庙区域的空间格局，明确了它们作为绿色开放空间的作用。原始多边形数据是基于数字化的安塞第三次(1856)地图和数字城市地图而制作的。在此基础上，比较了江户、现在的东京、大阪和京都地区的面积大小、分布格局和形态特征。研究了将现有区域作为绿色休憩空间的可能性。研究结果表明：(1)从江户到现在的东京，大阪和京都的寺庙都保持着集群式分布；(2)神社和寺庙的绿地覆盖率都高于东京23区的平均比例；(3)虽然神社和寺庙的面积都比普通公园小，但分散的区域使城市居民的绿色开放空间更接近城市居民。

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of precincts of shrines and temples distributed in urban area from viewpoint of form, function and cognition.We investigated the history of precincts of shrines and temples from Edo period to now, then elucidated the types of behaviors and the length of stay in shrines and temples analyzing the results of the survey in Tokyo. We also examined the difference of cognition between shrines and temples.We analyzed spatial pattern of precincts of shrines and temples to clarify their role as green open space. Original polygon data is made based on digitalized ANSEI 3rd(1856) Map and digital map of cities. Based on these data, area size, distribution pattern and morphological characteristics of precincts are compared among Edo, the present Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto. The possibility of present precincts as green open spaces was examined. The results show : (1)Temples maintain cluster-type distribution from Edo to the present Tokyo, also in Osaka and Kyoto ; (2)Both shrines and temples have higher green coverage ratios than average ratio of Tokyo 23 wards area ; and (3)Although each size of shrines and temples is smaller than an ordinary park, scattered precincts make green open spaces closer for urban residents.