A diachronic study of the characteristics of precincts of shrines and temples in urban area from viewpoint of form, function and cognition

本研究旨在从形态、功能和认知的角度厘清城市中分布的神庙区域的特征。我们调查的历史的圣地和寺庙领域从江户时代到现在,然后阐明行为的类型和留在圣地的长度和寺庙在东京分析调查结果。我们还研究了神社和寺庙之间的认知差异。我们分析了空间格局选区的圣地和寺庙澄清他们的角色作为绿色开放空间。原始多边形数据是基于数字化安赛尔第三(1856)地图和数字地图的城市。在此基础上，比较了江户与现在的东京、大阪和京都的区域面积、分布格局和形态特征。研究了现有区域作为绿色开放空间的可能性。结果显示:(1)寺庙保持从江户到现在东京的簇状分布,也在大阪和京都;(2)神社和寺庙的绿化覆盖率均高于东京23区平均覆盖率；(3)虽然每个规模的神社和寺庙都小于一个普通的公园，但分散的区域使城市居民的绿色开放空间更加接近。

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of precincts of shrines and temples distributed in urban area from viewpoint of form, function and cognition.We investigated the history of precincts of shrines and temples from Edo period to now, then elucidated the types of behaviors and the length of stay in shrines and temples analyzing the results of the survey in Tokyo. We also examined the difference of cognition between shrines and temples.We analyzed spatial pattern of precincts of shrines and temples to clarify their role as green open space. Original polygon data is made based on digitalized ANSEI 3rd(1856) Map and digital map of cities. Based on these data, area size, distribution pattern and morphological characteristics of precincts are compared among Edo, the present Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto. The possibility of present precincts as green open spaces was examined. The results show : (1)Temples maintain cluster-type distribution from Edo to the present Tokyo, also in Osaka and Kyoto ; (2)Both shrines and temples have higher green coverage ratios than average ratio of Tokyo 23 wards area ; and (3)Although each size of shrines and temples is smaller than an ordinary park, scattered precincts make green open spaces closer for urban residents.