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Morphological, Historical, and Cultural Study on Gap between Buildings

建筑物间隙的形态、历史和文化研究

基本信息

批准号：
14550604
负责人：
OIKAWA Kiyoaki
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University (2003)The University of Tokyo (2002)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14550604/
关键词：
Gap between Buildings Building Location Morphology Dilation Erosion Digital Image Processing Closing Densely Built-up Area 拡大収縮密集密度

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to propose a method of quantification of the gap between buildings, which is one of features in Japanese urban space, and to clarify the characteristics of area and distribution of these gaps.The gap was defined as an area where a circle of radius r cannot sweep through on a building location map. The diameter of the circle stands for the width of a gap. To extract the gap-area, operations in image-processing method called erosion and dilation were applied. That is, after digital imaging of a building location map, building planes were dilated in terms of a digital figure corresponding to a circle of r and then eroded. This procedure is equivalent to a closing operation in morphology and enabled the extracting gaps.The following results were obtained by applying this procedure to the whole building location of Tokyo 23 wards and Osaka 24 wards.1)In Tokyo, the gap ratios (gross area ratios) at three different widths of gap were 0.5% at l.5m width, 1.4% at 2.5m, and 2.4% at 3.5m. In Osaka, 0.6%, 1.3%, and 2.0% respectively. Locally, there were many areas with a ratio more than 10%, therefore the quantity of gap cannot be neglected in urban area.2)The gap ratios and index of density (building density, perimeter-ratio, building coverage) were highly correlated.3)High gap ratio areas are located circularly along the periphery of JR Yamanote line in Tokyo and along the periphery of JR Osaka Kanjo line. These areas overlap with densely built-up residential areas, that is, large population, low green coverage, and high earthquake risk areas, therefore problematic areas for safety.In this study, a little consideration was taken for historical and cultural processes of gap generation. Some functions of gaps were exemplified by a field survey.

本研究的目的是提出日本城市空间特征之一的建筑物之间的差距的量化方法，并明确这些差距的面积和分布特征。差距被定义为建筑物位置图上半径为r的圆无法扫过的区域。圆的直径代表间隙的宽度。为了提取间隙区域，应用图像处理方法中的称为腐蚀和膨胀的操作。也就是说，在建筑物位置图的数字成像之后，建筑物平面根据对应于r的圆的数字图形被扩大，然后被侵蚀。通过对东京23区和大坂24区的整个建筑物位置应用该方法，得到了以下结果：1）在东京，三种不同宽度的间隙的差距率（总面积率）在1.5m宽时为0.5%，在2.5m宽时为1.4%，在3.5m宽时为2.4%。大坂分别为0.6%、1.3%和2.0%。2）差距率与密度指数（建筑物密度、周长比、建筑物覆盖率）的相关性较高。3）空隙率高的地区主要分布在东京的JR山手线周边沿着和JR大坂观城线周边沿着的环状区域。这些地区与密集的住宅区重叠，即人口多，绿色覆盖率低，地震风险高的地区，因此安全问题的地区。通过实地调查，举例说明了差距的一些功能。