A Study on Optimum Location Problems of Obnoxious Facilities Considering the Distance Weighted by Environmental Conditions

本研究的目的是划分一种新的“讨厌的设施”的分配方法，这些设施应该是许多居民不喜欢的，比如垃圾焚烧厂和污水处理厂。这种方法包括与设施和周围居民之间的距离以及自然社会条件有关的变量。首先，我们提取了各种关于令人讨厌的设施的公开信息，并将其分类。其次，利用优化目标函数对这些设施的选址问题进行了分类，并将其表述为：(1)厌恶性程度的最小化；(2)对遭受最大损害的居民和区域的救济；(3)厌恶性程度的均衡化。此外，我们还制定了(4)对环境条件的考虑；尽量减少对空气污染、无线电干扰等的损害。为了理解每个选址问题的基本性质，我们在该地区安装单个设施的情况下测量了选址的适当性，并试图将其表达为等效线。因此，在假设居民均匀密集分布的区域中，目标区域的外围和中心都可能是令人讨厌的设施的最佳位置。由此我们发现，恼人设施的选址问题决定了我们应该重视哪个目标函数。因此，我们设计了一种方法，通过对每个目标函数的加权参数求和来综合决定设施的最优位置。作为该处理方法的具体应用，以东京都目黑区某垃圾焚烧厂的选址问题为例，对逻辑最优选址、指定选址和现有选址进行了比较评价，并对结果进行了讨论。

The purpose of this study is to divise a new method of allocation of "obnoxious facilities", which are supposed to be disliked by many inhabitants, such as the garbage incineration plant and the sewage disposal plant. This method includes variables relating to both the distance between the facilities and the inhabitants around them, and the natural-social condition.First, we extracted various published information about obnoxious facilities, and classified it. Second, we categorized location problems of those facilities by objective functions of optimization, and formulated them : (1) minimization of the amount of obnoxiousness, (2) relief of the inhabitants and area fuffering the greatest damage, (3) equalization of the amount of the obnoxiousness. In addition, we also formulated (4) consideration of the environmental conditions ; minimization of the damage of the air pollution, the radio interference and so on.In order to understand the basic nature of each location problem, we measured the appropriateness of the location, under the condition that single facility is installed in the area, and tried to express it as equivalent lines. As a result, in the area hypothesized that the inhabitants are distributed uniformly and densely, both the periphery and the cneter of the objective area can be an optimal location of an obnoxious facility. Thus we found that the location problem of obnoxious facilities leads to which objective function we attach importance. Therfore, we devised a procedure to conprehensively dicide an optimal location of the facility by the summation of weighted parameters of each objective function. As a concrete application of this processing, we take up the location problem of a garbage incineration plant at Meguro Ward in Tokyo, and compared and evaluated the logically optimal location, the nominated location and the present location, and discussed the results.