A Study on Optimum Location Problems of Obnoxious Facilities Considering the Distance Weighted by Environmental Conditions

这项研究的目的是想出一种新的方法来分配“讨厌的设施”，这些设施本应该是许多居民不喜欢的，比如垃圾焚烧厂和污水处理厂。该方法包括与设施与周围居民的距离和自然社会条件有关的变量，首先提取各种已发表的关于讨厌设施的信息，并对其进行分类。其次，用优化目标函数对这些设施的选址问题进行了分类，并将其表述为：(1)可憎程度最小；(2)居民救济和面积损失最大；(3)可憎程度的均衡化。此外，我们还制定了(4)考虑环境条件；最小化空气污染、无线电干扰等危害的方法。为了了解每个选址问题的基本性质，我们测量了在该地区安装单一设施的条件下选址的适宜性，并尝试将其表示为等效线。因此，在假设居民分布均匀和密集的区域内，目标区域的外围和中心都可以成为讨厌设施的最佳位置。由此我们发现，讨厌设施的选址问题决定了我们重视哪个目标函数。因此，我们设计了一个程序，通过对每个目标函数的加权参数求和来综合确定设施的最优选址。作为该方法的一个具体应用，我们以东京Meguro Ward垃圾焚烧厂的选址问题为例，对逻辑最优选址、提名选址和现有选址进行了比较和评价，并对结果进行了讨论。

The purpose of this study is to divise a new method of allocation of "obnoxious facilities", which are supposed to be disliked by many inhabitants, such as the garbage incineration plant and the sewage disposal plant. This method includes variables relating to both the distance between the facilities and the inhabitants around them, and the natural-social condition.First, we extracted various published information about obnoxious facilities, and classified it. Second, we categorized location problems of those facilities by objective functions of optimization, and formulated them : (1) minimization of the amount of obnoxiousness, (2) relief of the inhabitants and area fuffering the greatest damage, (3) equalization of the amount of the obnoxiousness. In addition, we also formulated (4) consideration of the environmental conditions ; minimization of the damage of the air pollution, the radio interference and so on.In order to understand the basic nature of each location problem, we measured the appropriateness of the location, under the condition that single facility is installed in the area, and tried to express it as equivalent lines. As a result, in the area hypothesized that the inhabitants are distributed uniformly and densely, both the periphery and the cneter of the objective area can be an optimal location of an obnoxious facility. Thus we found that the location problem of obnoxious facilities leads to which objective function we attach importance. Therfore, we devised a procedure to conprehensively dicide an optimal location of the facility by the summation of weighted parameters of each objective function. As a concrete application of this processing, we take up the location problem of a garbage incineration plant at Meguro Ward in Tokyo, and compared and evaluated the logically optimal location, the nominated location and the present location, and discussed the results.