A Comparative Research on Self-organising Process of Food system

市场本身的存在并不能保证适应趋势，使水果和蔬菜的分配合理化。批发市场是小型批发商的简单聚集地，随着分销合理化的趋势继续发展，批发市场将会落后。相反，大型批发商完全有能力满足大型零售商的需求，有时甚至可以退出批发市场，以提高运作效率。这种反应不仅限于捷克，在西欧国家也可以看到。在伦敦的考文特花园（Covent Garden）和法国的朗吉斯（Rungis），批发市场的电力正在迅速下降。*e*虽然零售商的需求越来越多样化，规模也在扩大，但农业生产在地理和季节上都是分散的。为了有效地整合这些因素，至少有一个参与者需要整合从生产到零售的许多交易。许多现有的水果和蔬菜批发市场缺乏这种功能。我们应该考虑以下五个因素：1)农业生产的发展程度（生产者的独立性和组织性），2)批发商的结构（规模和集中度），3)零售（和外出就餐）行业的结构，4)消费者的消费行为，5)进口结构。批发的特定功能不一定由批发市场来履行。它们将由批发商执行。在日本以外的许多国家，合理化水果和蔬菜的分销需要批发商的整合。我们认为，仅仅扩大批发市场的规模是不够的。

The existence of a market in itself does not guarantee adaptation to trends to rationalise the distribution of fruits and vegetables. A wholesale market that is a simple gathering of small wholesalers will fall behind as trends to rationalise distribution continue In contrast, large wholesalers are well capable of meeting demand from mass retailers and can occasionally even withdraw from a wholesale market to facilitate greater efficiency of operation. This response is not limited to Czech but is also seen in Western European nations. At London's Covent Garden and France's Rungis, wholesale markets are rapidly declining in power.*e*While retailers' demand is growing more diversified and expanding in size, agricultural production is spread both geographically and seasonally. To integrate these factors efficiently, at least one player needs to integrate many transactions from production through retailing. Many of the existing wholesale fruits and vegetables markets lack this functionality.We should consider the following five factors: 1) Degree of development of agricultural production (independence and organization of producers), 2) Structure of wholesalers (size, degree of concentration), 3) Structure of the retail (and eat out) industries, 4) Consumption behavior of consumers, 5) Structure of imports.The specific functions of wholesaling are not necessarily performed by wholesale markets. They are to be carried out by wholesalers. In many countries other than Japan, rationalising the distribution of fruits and vegetables requires integration of wholesalers. We consider that just expanding the size of wholesale markets is not effective.