Detection and risk assessment of carcinogenic compounds in ambient air and surface soil

我们建立了一种灵敏的分析方法和高效的净化方法来定量测定表层土壤和大气颗粒物中的3，6-二硝基苯并[e]芘(DNBeP)。3，6-DNBeP经硅胶柱和两个反相柱纯化后，经催化柱还原为3，6-二氨基苯并[e]芘，并用带有荧光检测器的高效液相色谱进行分析，所有土壤样品和大气颗粒物中均检测到3，6-DNBeP。测定了京都表层土壤和大气颗粒物中3，6-DNBeP的浓度范围分别为347~5007pg/g土壤和137~1238fg/m^3。用不同的柱层析方法对不含S9混合物的TA98表现出较强的致突变性的土壤提取物进行了分离。分离得到5种主要致突变成分，经高效液相色谱和光谱分析鉴定为1，6-二硝基并(DNP)、1，8-二硝基(1，8-DNP)、1，3，6-三硝基(TNP)、3，9-二硝基荧菲(DNF)和3，6-DNBeP。这些硝基芳烃的贡献率在3%~10%之间。从大阪府的高津市和出水市以及爱知县的名古屋和平基南四个居民点采集的表层土壤样品中检测到了这些硝基芳烃。1，6-DNP、1，8-DNP、1，3，6-TNP、3，9-DNF和3，6-DNBeP可能是污染京都和其他居民区表层土壤的主要诱变成分。

We developed a sensitive analytical method and an efficient clean-up method to quantify 3,6-dinitrobenzo[e]pyrene (DNBeP) in surface soil and airborne particles. After purification using a silica gel column and two reversed-phase columns, 3,6-DNBeP was reduced to 3,6-diaminobenzo[e]pyrene by a catalyst column and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector 3,6-DNBeP was detected in all the soil samples and airborne particles examined. The concentration of 3,6-DNBeP in surface soil and airborne particles was determined in the ranges of 347-5007 pg/g of soil and 137-1238 fg/m^3, respectively.To identify major mutagens in surface soil in Kyoto, a soil sample was collected at a site where soil contamination with mutagens was severe and continual. The soil extract, which showed potent mutagenicity in TA98 without S9 mix, was fractionated by diverse column chromatography methods. Five major mutagenic constituents were isolated and identified to be 1,6-dinitropyrene (DNP), 1,8-DNP, 1,3,6-trinitropyrene (TNP), 3,9-dinitrofluoranthene (DNF), and 3,6-DNBeP by co-chromatography using high performance liquid chromatography and spectral analysis. Contribution ratios of these nitroarenes were from 3 to 10%. These nitroarenes were detected in surface soil samples collected from four residential sites, Takatsuki and Izumiotsu in Osaka prefecture and Nagoya and Hekinan in Aichi prefecture. 1,6-DNP, 1,8-DNP, 1,3,6-TNP, 3,9-DNF, and 3,6-DNBeP may be major mutagenic constituents that contaminate surface soil Kyoto and other residential areas.