国内外の災害復旧・復興における被災者居住空間変容過程のモデル化に関する研究

国内外灾后恢复重建灾民居住空间转型过程建模研究

• 批准号: 17760511
• 负责人: 越山 健治
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Memorial Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2006 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17760511/
• 关键词: 都市復興; GIS; 住宅復興; 空間変容; モデル化; 阪神・淡路大震災; 仮設住宅; 住宅供給モデル; 被災地変容

今年度は,阪神・淡路大震災事例をもとに公的な住宅供給施策である仮設住宅と公営住宅の新規立地が都市全体に及ぼした影響について,震災前後の国勢調査メッシュデータを用いて分析した。その結果,遠隔地の仮設住宅供給・公営住宅供給によって小規模な人口移動を促進し都心部の人口高密状況の改善の役割を果たした点,公的住宅が供給されたエリアでは時系列の居住者構成の変化が著しく地域性の変化に影響を及ぼしたことが考察される点,公的住宅供給がエリア毎の居住層の特徴を鋭敏化した点が見いだせた。また,公的住宅供給は第一義的には基礎自治体で量的均衡を保つため,住宅移動域も市町村境界が非常に強い影響力を持つ。その結果として阪神、淡路大震災の激甚被災地域の各市町の公的住宅供給モデルを構築し,新潟中越地震・宮城県北部地震の被災地域とのモデルとの比較を行い,一般的な住宅供給タイプを組み立てることができた。また阪神エリア全体の住宅再建困難層の公営住宅供給方法と,トルコ地震時の住宅供給方法,およびメキシコ地震時の住宅供給方法の地理的供給手法の比較を行い,定性的な面だけでなく定量的な面で,相違点・類似点をまとめた。分析の結果から考察される点として,(1)住宅供給タイプは被害量と従前の空間土地利用状況によって決定することから,被害量を決定すれば事前にどのような住宅供給タイプになるかがある程度予想できる,(2)住宅供給タイプと入居者選定,入居後の住宅流動性が,立地した地域の特性に影響を及ぼす,(3)住宅供給タイプは災害後の都市変容の大きな要素となる,ことが示された。

This year, the Hanshin/Awaji earthquake affected the public housing supply policy, the construction of new residential buildings, the impact on the city as a whole, and the analysis of the national situation before and after the earthquake. As a result, as the supply of private housing and the supply of publicly managed housing in remote areas has combined with small-scale population movements to promote the improvement of population density in the region, the supply of public housing has become increasingly diverse. As we examine the impact of regional changes on the composition of a series of residents, we can see that the characteristics of the vast number of residential floors in public housing supply have become more sensitive. Public housing supply is the first meaning of public housing supply, the balance of public housing supply is the first meaning of public housing supply, the balance of public housing supply is the first meaning of public housing supply, the balance of public housing supply is the first meaning of public housing supply, and the balance of public housing supply is the first meaning of public housing supply. As a result of the Hanshin and Awaji earthquakes, public housing supply in disaster-stricken areas of cities and towns was built. In comparison with the disaster areas of the Niigata and Miyagi earthquakes, general housing supply was built. The method of supplying public housing in the difficult layer of housing reconstruction in Hanshin is compared with the method of supplying public housing in the earthquake, and the method of supplying public housing in the earthquake is compared with the method of supplying public housing in the earthquake. The results of the analysis are as follows: (1) the amount of damage caused by housing supply and the status of land use before the occupation are determined;(2) the amount of damage caused by housing supply and the status of occupation are determined;(3) Housing supply is a major factor in urban development after disasters.