Surface treatments of bone fixators consiting of titanium alloys to inhibit the formation of callus

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Difference in the ability of calcium phosphate formation between Ti and Zr was caused by the difference in the stability of surface oxide films on both metals. Zr coating was effective to prevent calcium phosphate formation on Ti. On the other hand, cathodic polarization of Zr in a supporting electrolyte made it possible to add the ability of calcium phosphate formation to Zr and its mechanism was elucidated. Zr coating is effective to prevent the formation of callus on Ti alloys used for internal bone fixators.