Study on evaluation method for cross-ventilation environment taken account of steady ventilation flow rates and thermal comfort

进行了现场实验、风洞实验和图像分析。研究结果可归纳如下。(1)在满足一定要求的情况下，局部动力相似模型可以预测随风向和开孔位置变化的流量系数。在这项研究中进行了四种类型的风洞实验，以研究如何严格地满足这些要求时，该模型被应用到入流开口。当切向流的方向或剖面改变时，或当开口附近有壁时，应用该模型没有实质性问题。(2)局部动态相似性模型与COMIS网络模型耦合。验证了单区和双区建筑模型的通风流量预测精度。耦合模型实现了更好的流量系数和通风流量的预测比传统的孔板流量模型。(3)空气流动特性 关于我们 在2006年夏天，我们用超声波风速计测量了一个交叉通风房间的侧面和内部的风速。交叉通风的能量谱的主要贡献被揭示在小于0.1Hz的频率范围内，并且交叉通风的能量谱包含具有k-5/3的指数衰减的波数的一些区域。(4)当风速大于0.5m/s时，各种风速变化和气流在时间和空间上的波动使受试者在交叉通风下比在空调系统的气流下感觉更舒适。(5)在实验室中，分别在交叉通风和空调两种情况下，研究了风速波动对热人体模型表面温度波动的影响。提出了一种将红外动画转换为功率谱图像的图像处理方法，以明确表面温度波动的频率。(6)建筑覆盖率对屋顶通风性能的影响较小，而对墙体的影响较小。屋顶窗被发现是一个非常有效的工具，特别是在人口稠密的地区，增加通风流量。少

The field experiments, wind tunnel experiments and image analysis have been carried out. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows.(1) The local dynamic similarity model can predict discharge coefficients, which vary with wind direction and opening position, if some requirements are met. Four types of wind tunnel experiments were carried out in this study to investigate how strictly these requirements have to be met when the model is applied to inflow openings. There are no substantial problems in applying the model when the direction or profile of the tangential flow is changed or when there is a wall near the opening.(2) The local dynamic similarity model was coupled with a COMIS network model. The prediction accuracy of ventilation flow rates was verified for one-zone and two-zone building models. The coupled model achieved better predictions of discharge coefficients and ventilation flow rates than the conventional orifice flow model.(3) The airflow characteristics out … More side and inside a cross-ventilated room were measured by ultrasonic anemometers in summer 2006. The major contributions to the energy spectra of cross-ventilation are revealed in the frequency range less than 0.1Hz and that the energy spectra of cross-ventilation contain some region of wave numbers with an exponential decay of k-5/3.(4) When the air velocity was more than 0.5m/s, various air velocity changes and airflow fluctuations in time and space made subjects feel more comfortable under cross-ventilation than under airflows from the air-conditioning system.(5) The influence of air velocity fluctuations on surface temperature fluctuations of thermal mannequin was visualized in the experimental room under cross ventilated cases and under air conditioned cases. An image processing method to transfer the infrared animations to power spectrum images was proposed in order to clarify the frequency of surface temperature fluctuations.(6) The influence of building coverage ratio on ventilation performance was small rather on roofs than on walls. A roof window was found to be a very effective tool for increasing ventilation flow rates especially in densely populated area. Less